【作者】 周明；

【导师】 毛宁；

【作者基本信息】 东北大学 ， 安全科学与工程， 2020， 硕士

【摘要】 随着人们生活水平的提高和生活环境的改善,功能性滤料的开发和研究一直备受关注。人们对于静电的研究具有悠久的历史,目前国内外已经研制出许多抗静电滤料,采用在滤料基布中加导电纤维或在面层中混纺导电纤维两种方式作为解决纺织品抗静电问题的有效方法,越来越受到人们青睐。本文在滤料相关静电性能研究基础上,控制相对湿度分别为25%、30%、35%、40%、45%、50%、55%、60%,选用80、120、200目氧化铝粉尘及200、325、1000目铁粉粉尘对各种滤料进行荷尘处理,测试滤料在荷尘状态下的静电压、半衰期、表面电阻率和体积电阻率,对不同相对湿度条件下滤料的静电特性进行对比分析,探究滤料结构、抗静电处理方式及粉尘比电阻对滤料静电性能的影响,对于滤料性能研究方面有一定补充,为今后袋式除尘器滤袋的设计、滤料的选取、滤袋寿命的研究及相关国标的制订提供一定的理论支持及参考。无论何种滤料,再过滤铁粉粉尘或氧化铝粉尘后,其静电压、半衰期及电阻率均呈明显的下降趋势;相对湿度对滤料电阻率有较大影响,过滤粉尘后,在25%至60%相对湿度下,非抗静电滤料表面电阻率均下降2个数量级,抗静电滤料表面电阻率下降不超过1个数量级。非抗静电滤料体积电阻率均下降3个数量级,抗静电滤料体积电阻率下降1个数量级。结构对滤料静电性能有一定的影响。覆膜结构滤料电阻率均大于未覆膜结构滤料电阻率,约高出1个数量级。荷尘后覆膜结构滤料静电指标数值下降速度大于未覆膜结构滤料;滤料结构对滤料静电性能有较大影响,在相同相对湿度条件下,针刺毡电阻率均大于机织布电阻率,约高出1个数量级,在相同相对湿度与粉尘克重的条件下,针刺毡的静电压与半衰期基本均高于机织布,机织布静电性能基本均强于强于针刺毡静电性能。抗静电处理方式对滤料静电性能有一定的影响。基布导电纤维密度越大,其抗静电性能越好,涤纶针刺毡(基布经向有导电纤维,导电纤维间隔10mm)电阻率高出涤纶针刺毡(基布经纬向均有导电纤维,导电纤维间隔15mm)电阻率约1个数量级;面层中混纺导电纤维滤料抗静电性能要强于基布中加导电纤维滤料静电性能,相比之下基布中加导电纤维滤料电阻率约高1个数量级;粉尘比电阻对滤料静电性能有一定的影响。过滤不同粒径铁粉粉尘或氧化铝粉尘后,在相同粉尘克重条件下,粉尘比电阻越大,在过滤粉尘后滤料静电压、半衰期、表面电阻率及体积电阻率越高。更多还原

【Abstract】 As the improvement of people’s living standards and environment,the development and research of functional filter has been receiving much attention.The research on static electricity has a long history,and many antistatic filter materials have been developed at home and abroad.It is more and more popular to use the method of adding conductive fibers in the filter base cloth or blending the conductive fibers in the surface layer as an effective method for solving the antistatic problem of textiles.Based on the research of electrostatic properties of filter materials,the relative humidity is controlled at 25%,30%,35%,40%,45%,50%,55%,60%,using filter to perk 80,120,200 mesh alumina dust and 200,325,1000 mesh iron dust,testing the static voltage,half-times,surface resistivity and volume resistivity of the filter material under dusty conditions,comparing the electrostatic properties of the filter material under different relative humidity conditions,and exploring the filter material structure,antistatic treatment method and dust specific resistance.The influence on the electrostatic properties of the filter material is complementary to the research on the performance of the filter material.It provides some theoretical support for the design of the bag filter bag,the selection of the filter material,the study of the life of the filter bag and the formulation of relevant national standards.Regardless of the filter material,after filtering iron dust or alumina dust,its static voltage,half-life,and resistivity all show a significant downward trend;relative humidity has a greater impact on the filter material resistivity.At a relative humidity of 60%to 60%,the surface resistivity of non-antistatic filter media has decreased by two orders of magnitude,and the surface resistivity of antistatic filter media has decreased by no more than one order of magnitude.The volume resistivity of non-antistatic filter media has decreased by 3 orders of magnitude,and the volume resistivity of antistatic filter media has decreased by 1 order of magnitude.The structure has a certain effect on the electrostatic properties of the filter material.The resistivity of the filter material with the membrane structure is larger than that of the filter material without the membrane structure,which is about an order of magnitude higher.The value of the electrostatic index of the membrane-coated filter material after the dust load drops faster than that of the non-coated structure;the filter structure has a greater impact on the electrostatic properties of the filter material.Under the same relative humidity conditions,the resistivity of the needle felt is greater than that of the woven fabric.The resistivity of the cloth is about an order of magnitude higher.Under the same relative humidity and dust weight,the static voltage and half-life of the needle felt are basically higher than those of the woven fabric,and the electrostatic properties of the woven fabric are generally stronger than Needle felt electrostatic properties.The antistatic treatment has a certain effect on the electrostatic performance of the filter material.The greater the density of the conductive fabric of the base fabric,the better its antistatic performance.The resistivity of polyester needle felt(the base fabric has conductive fibers in the warp direction,and the conductive fiber space is 10 mm)is higher than that of polyester needle felt(the base fabric has conductive fibers in the warp and weft directions),Conductive fiber interval 15mm)resistivity is about one order of magnitude;the antistatic performance of the conductive fiber filter material blended in the surface layer is stronger than the electrostatic performance of the conductive fiber filter material in the base fabric,compared with the conductive fiber filter material resistance in the base fabric The rate is about one order of magnitude higher;The dust specific resistance has a certain effect on the electrostatic performance of the filter material.After filtering different particle sizes iron or alumina dust,under the same dust weight condition,the larger the specific resistance of the dust,the higher the static voltage,half-life,surface resistivity and volume resistivity of the filter material after filtering the dust.更多还原