【作者】 罗丹；

【导师】 张威；

【作者基本信息】 四川大学 ， 社会工作， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 从改革开放初期社会工作专业教育的恢复与重建,到社会转型时期社会工作职业的蓬勃发展,社会工作在党和政府的推动下,在专业化、职业化方面获得了较快的发展和进步。但与此同时,社会工作行业也显露出一些问题,比如行政化倾向明显、专业性不足、社会认可度低、人才流失严重等等。社会工作人才是社会工作职业发展的基础和根本,本文旨在从社会工作者的角度,深入分析影响社会工作者离职的各种内部和外部因素,在职业化的框架下解读社会工作者离职这一较为普遍的现象,分析原因、并寻求解决之道,促进社会工作行业的完善与发展。本文主要通过问卷调查法和访谈法对社会工作者的离职成因进行研究。本文首先通过文献分析总结了现有研究对中国社会工作职业化现状和社会工作者离职成因的分析,然后对成都市102名离职社会工作者进行了问卷调查,以了解离职社会工作者这一群体的个体特征,并初步了解其离职原因。本文再结合对成都市30名离职社会工作者的深入访谈,分别从个体层面、岗位层面、机构层面、项目机制层面、行业层面、国家政策和社会层面对社会工作者离职原因展开了系统性分析,并从反思性社会工作理论的视角探讨了社会工作者的反思性专业性对其离职的影响。本文所调查的社会工作者和社会工作机构,其呈现的特点为:机构规模小型化、从业人员年轻化、市场总体非专业化,一线社会工作者离职现象较为明显。研究结果表明:社会工作者离职不仅与个体因素相关,更受制于结构性环境因素。在个体层面,社会工作者自身的个人特质和反思性专业性的缺失影响其专业关系建立、专业行动和服务效果。在岗位层面,薪酬低下是最突出的因素,岗位的不稳定性、工作量繁重是重要因素。在机构层面,机构内部制度建设不完善、晋升难度大而成长空间小、人文关怀缺失且督导机制不健全。在项目机制层面,项目资金来源单一导致机构运营不稳定、项目受制于政府而被迫承担额外工作压力、由于项目相关方的不配合导致项目执行困难重重。在行业层面,社会工作职业功能定位不清、体制依附限制了专业行动空间和自主性、指标化、数字化、形式化倾向严重。在国家政策和社会层面,国家政策或社会工作立法缺失、民众知晓度和认可度低。这些个体和结构性环境因素之间存在很强的内在关联性并相互影响和作用,当社会工作者个体不能与结构性环境之间形成良性互动、无法调适甚至失衡时,最终便产生了离职行为。因此,本文基于对社会工作者离职成因在个体、岗位、机构、项目机制、行业以及国家政策和社会层面上的系统性分析,尝试提出相应的完善建议:一是健全社会工作相关政策、积极推进社会工作立法;二是转变政府治理理念、完善政府购买服务机制;三是提升机构和社会工作者的专业化水平、加强机构内部管理和文化建设;四是完善培训和督导机制、增强对社会工作者的心理支持;五是提高社会工作者薪酬待遇、建立薪酬激励体系,从而营造完善的职业化发展环境,解决社会工作者的离职问题,为社会工作行业的发展奠定坚实的人才基础。更多还原

【Abstract】 From the restoration and reconstruction of professional social work education in the early stage of reform and opening up,to the vigorous development of social work in the period of social transformation,social work was promoted by the party and the government in terms of specialization and professionalization,and has achieved rapid development and progress.But at the same time,the social work industry has also revealed some problems,such as obvious administrative tendencies,insufficient specialization,low social recognition,and serious brain drain.Social work talents are the foundation of the development of social work.This paper aims to analyze the various internal and external factors that affect the turnover of social workers from the perspective of social workers,and interpret the common phenomenon of social worker’s turnover under the framework of social work professionalism,and then seek reasons and solutions to promote the improvement and development of the social work professionalism.This paper mainly uses questionnaire survey method and interview method to study the reasons of social workers’ turnover.This paper first summarizes the current research on the status quo of professionalization of social work in China and the reasons of social workers’ turnover through literature analysis,and then conducts a questionnaire survey on 102 resigning social workers in Chengdu to understand the individual characteristics of resigning social workers and a preliminary understanding of the reasons for their turnover.Based on the in-depth interviews with 30 resigning social workers in Chengdu,this paper has carried out a systematic analysis of the reasons for social workers’ turnover from the individual level,job level,institutional level,project mechanical level,industry level,national policy and social level and from the perspective of reflective social work theory it explores the impact of social workers’ reflective professionalism on their turnover.For the social workers and social work institutions this paper surveyed,the characteristics presented are: the scale of the institutions is small,the employees are younger,the market is generally unprofessional,and the turnover of frontline social workers is more obvious.The results of the study show that the turnover of social workers is not only related to individual factors,but also restricted by structural environmental factors.At the individual level,social workers’ own personal characteristics and the lack of reflective professionalism influence the establishment of professional relationships,professional actions,and service effect.At the job level,low pay is the most prominent factor,and job instability,job pressure and job burnout are important factors.At the institutional level,the internal institutional construction is not perfect,the promotion is difficult,the growth space is small,the humanistic care is lacking,and the supervision mechanism is not sound.At the project mechanism level,the single source of project funding has led to instability in institutional operations,the project is subject to the government and forced to undertake additional work pressure,and the project implementation is difficult due to the non-cooperation of project stakeholders.At the industry level,the ambiguity of the professional functions of social work,the dependence on administrative system restrict the professional action space and autonomy,and the tendency towards indexation,digitization,and administrating is serious.At the national policy and social level,national policies or social work legislation are missing,and the public’s awareness and recognition is low.There is a strong internal correlation between these individual and structural environmental factors,and they influence and interact with each other.When individual social workers cannot form a benign interaction with structural environmental factors,cannot adjust themselves or even become out of balance,turnover eventually occurs.Therefore,this paper based on a systematic analysis of the reasons of social workers’ turnover on individual,positional,institutional,project mechanical,industrial and national policies and social levels,tries to make corresponding suggestions for improvement: the first is to improve social work policies and actively promote social work legislation;the second is to transform the government’s governance concept and improve the government’s purchasing service mechanism;the third is to enhance the professionalization of institutions and social workers,and strengthen the internal management and cultural construction of institutions;The fourth is to improve the training and supervision mechanism and strengthen the psychological support for social workers;the fifth is to improve the remuneration of social workers and establish a remuneration incentive mechanism,thereby creating a sound professional development environment and solving social worker’s turnover issue,to laid a solid talent foundation for the development of the social work industry.更多还原