【作者】 王倩；

【导师】 韦仁忠；

【作者基本信息】 四川大学 ， 社会工作， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 近年来,社区治理发展方式不断创新,社区自组织作为居民参与治理的重要组织载体蓬勃发展,不少社区通过向社会工作机构购买服务的方式孵化和培育各类社区自组织。在社区自组织的数量持续增长的同时,越来越多的社区自组织在发展中出现“无力”现象,公共价值难以发挥,自组织自身的可持续发展受到严峻挑战。国内外学者对提升社区自组织能力的研究较少,多集中在理论、政策、社会治理等宏观层面,因此笔者从微观实务角度出发,以自组织理论、增能理论、社会支持理论为基础,尝试将小组工作与社区自组织能力提升相结合,以期对该领域进行补充。笔者以成都市G社区的“LM蔬菜队”为研究对象,通过参与式观察和半结构式访谈等方法了解到其存在自我管理能力以及自我服务能力不足的问题,陷入了发展困境,具体体现在自组织共同体意识和凝聚力低、缺乏领袖和骨干、管理不规范、无法正确应对冲突和独立开展活动、资源整合能力低以及公共服务意识薄弱等方面,导致其能力不足的因素涉及政策、社区、项目制及自组织层面。因此,从需求评估的结果出发,笔者以增能理论和社会支持理论为基础进行了研究设计,组建了“能力提升小组”,能力提升小组的主要目标是提升社区自组织自我管理和自我服务能力,最终达到促进自组织可持续发展并发挥公共价值的目的,具体是从个人层面、组织层面以及环境层面进行介入,具体实务过程包括筹备阶段、小组开展阶段,以及评估阶段。通过实务过程得出以下结论:1.小组工作在提升社区自组织能力方面具有一定优势,包括价值理念、理论、工作模式上的优势;2.小组工作方法在短期内对于提升社区自组织能力有一定效果,但效果有限,即在一定时期内,小组工作方法能够提升社区自组织自我管理和自我服务能力,但其效果的长期性和全面性受到挑战;3.运用小组工作方法提升社区自组织能力,自组织不同层面所受影响不同,个人和组织层面的变化较明显,环境层面的变化并不明显。但本研究在宏观政策环境、项目制、社会工作实务等层面存在一定不足和局限之处。因此,笔者提出以下建议:第一,政府要完善相关政策法规,切实提供支持保障;第二,优化项目制,关注社区自组织真实需求;第三,社区助力,营造良好的发展环境;第四,社区自组织要充分发挥主观能动性;第五,社会工作要找准定位,有效助推社区自组织提升能力。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent years,the way of community governance development has been innovated,community self-organization as an important organizational carrier for residents to participate in governance has flourished,many communities through the purchase of services from social work institutions to incubate and cultivate all kinds of community self-organization.While the number of community self-organization continues to grow,more and more community self-organization appears "powerless" phenomenon in the development,the public value is difficult to play,and the sustainable development of self-organization itself is seriously challenged.The author tries to combine the group work with the community self-organization ability enhancement in order to supplement the field from the micro-practical point of view,based on the theory of self-organization,the theory of empowerment and the theory of social support.Taking the "LM vegetable team" of the G community in Chengdu as the research object,the author understands the problems of its self-management ability and self-service ability by means of participatory observation and semi-structured interview,and falls into the development dilemma.The factors that lead to its lack of ability are policy,community,project system and self-organization.Therefore,from the results of the needs assessment,the author has carried out research and design based on the theory of energy enhancement and social support,and set up a "capacity enhancement group ".The main goal of the ability enhancement group is to improve the self-organization self-management and self-service ability of the community,and finally to promote the sustainable development of self-organization and bring into play the public value.The specific intervention is from the individual level,the organization level and the environment level.The concrete practical process includes the preparatory stage,the group development stage and the evaluation stage.According to the following conclusion: 1.Group work has certain advantages in improving the community self-organization ability,including value concept,theory and work mode;2.In the short term,but the effect is limited,that is,the group work method can improve the community self-organization management and self-service ability,but the long-term and comprehensive effect is challenged;3.The use of group working methods to improve the community self-organization ability,different levels of self-organization are different and affected,individual and organizational changes are obvious,environmental changes are not obvious.However,there are some shortcomings and limitations in macro-policy environment,project system and social work practice.Therefore,the author puts forward the following suggestions: first,the government should perfect the relevant policies and regulations to provide support and guarantee;second,optimize the project system and pay attention to the real needs of community self-organization;third,community help to create a good development environment;fourth,community self-organization should give full play to subjective initiative;fifthly,social work should find the right position to effectively promote the ability of community self-organization.更多还原