【作者】 何伟；

【导师】 张芬；

【作者基本信息】 武汉大学 ， 金融学， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 随着职业性别隔离现象不断减少、男女受教育水平和教育收益率的逐步收敛,人力资本、职业和行业分布已经无法解释我国性别工资差异不断扩大的趋势。本文从家庭出发,考察婚姻、家务劳动分工和子女这些典型的家庭特征因素对性别工资差异的影响,并且还讨论了上述家庭特征在这一问题中的相对作用;运用2016年CFPS数据,在解决内生性问题的条件下,本文的研究表明:家务劳动时间和母亲身份对女性工资率具有直接且显著的惩罚效应,女性平均每周承担家务劳动17小时,这导致其周工资率减少34%,子女降低母亲8.5%的周工资率;婚姻则通过增加女性家务劳动时间和子女间接影响女性工资,相对于未婚女性,已婚女性每周多做7小时家务,这降低了她们14%的周工资率。男性存在“婚姻溢价”效应,家务劳动时间虽然也影响其工资,但影响程度远小于女性。瓦哈卡(Oaxaca)分解显示,家庭因素的特征效应解释了13.3%的性别工资差距,系数效应解释了74.3%的性别工资差距;家庭因素尤其是“家务劳动时间”是性别歧视之外导致性别工资差距的主要原因。本文还进一步讨论了“家务劳动时间”的问题,发现家务劳动时间会通过影响个人的劳动决策进而影响个人工资;家务劳动与工资率存在非线性关系;家务劳动对男性和女性具有门槛效应,且阈值位于10.5小时左右。对家庭特征的异质性分析显示,家庭特征可能导致低收入阶层面临更大的性别工资差距,而城乡之间、农村之间的异质性较小。本文的研究证明家庭因素是当前性别工资差距持续的主要原因,这为解释与解决近十年停滞的性别工资差距提供了方向。同时,本文还可以解释当前家庭结构及劳动参与率的变化。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the decreasing occupational gender segregation and the gradual convergence of male and female education levels and educational returns,human capital and the distribution of occupations and industries cannot explain the widening gender wage gap in China.With CFPS data in 2016,this article exposes the effect of typical characteristics of family such as marriage,children and division of housework on the effect of gender wage gap.After successfully solving the endogenous problem,we find that housework and motherhood have significantly negative effects on female wage rate.Women do 17 hours housework per week on average,which reduced their weekly wage by 34%.Children reduce mother’s weekly wage by 8.5%.Besides,marriage indirectly affects female wages through children and housework.Compared to unmarried women,married women did an extra seven hours of housework a week,reducing their weekly wage rate by 14%.As for men,there is a "marriage premium" effect,although housework time also affects their wages,the impact is far less than that of women.Oaxaca decompose also shows that family characteristics,particularly "domestic work hours",are the main cause of the gender wage gap excluding gender discrimination.Besides,family characteristics may cause greater gender wage difference in low-income class.Last,we find that housework has a threshold effect for both men and women,and the threshold is about 10.5 hours.This paper further discusses the problem of "housework ",and finds that housework time will affect personal wages by affecting personal labor decision-making.there is a nonlinear relationship between housework and wage rate;housework has a threshold effect on men and women,and the threshold value is about 10.5 hours.The heterogeneity analysis of family characteristics shows that family characteristics may lead to a greater gender wage gap for low-income groups,while the heterogeneity between urban and rural areas and between rural areas is smaller.This study proves that family factor is the main reason for the persistence of the current gender wage gap,which provides a direction for explaining and solving the stagnant gender wage gap in the past decade.At the same time,this paper can also explain the changes of the current family structure and labor participation rate.更多还原