【作者】 李娜；

【导师】 谷勋刚；

【作者基本信息】 安徽农业大学 ， 植物营养学， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 近年来随着化肥的过量、盲目使用,导致土壤肥力下降、养分失调、肥料利用率低下、环境污染等问题加剧。基于目前现状及国家提倡的有机肥替代背景,积极寻求高效环保的化肥替代品已经成为农业研究的热点。生物有机肥作为一种新型肥料,具有有机肥和微生物肥双重功效,而且近年来其在农业生产中的应用取得了良好效果,这使得研究生物有机肥对土壤肥力的影响变得更有实际意义。本文采用土培试验探究生物有机肥不同施用量对红壤和黄褐土两种土壤的肥力,包括物理、化学、生物肥力的影响,采用盆栽试验和大田试验来验证生物有机肥对经济作物和茶园土壤的影响。其中,室外土培及盆栽试验处理为:T0:不施肥,T1:0.67g/kg,T2:1.33g/kg,T3:3.33g/kg,T4:6.67g/kg,T5:13.33g/kg;室内土培试验处理为CK:不施肥,处理1:3.33g/kg,处理2:6.67g/kg,处理3:13.33g/kg,处理4:20g/kg。实验结果如下:1、生物有机肥施肥量对土壤容重的影响显著,两种土壤均表现为随着施肥量和培养时间的增加,容重逐渐减小。各施肥处理在时间的影响下,都可以显著降低土壤容重。两种土壤>0.25mm粒径团聚体数量随着施肥量和时间的变化基本呈增加趋势。2、对黄褐土而言,生物有机肥降低了土壤p H值,各施肥组的p H值最终稳定在6.57-6.59之间。提高了土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾、阳离子交换量含量。T5有机质含量显著高于其他处理,且T0和T1之间没有显著性差异。T1、T2、T3在取样期内全氮含量与T0之间基本没有显著性差异,T4、T5与其他处理之间有显著性差异。T0、T1之间碱解氮含量没有显著性差异,T2、T3、T4、T5之间没有显著性差异。土速效磷含量大小为T4>T5>T3>T2>T1>T0,培养前期,速效磷含量增加幅度很小,之后速效磷含量开始增加。T2、T3、T4、T5与T0之间速效钾含量和阳离子交换量差异显著。对红壤而言,施用生物有机肥降低了土壤p H值,各处理随着培养时间的增加,p H整体呈上升趋势。施肥提高了土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾、阳离子交换量含量。随着培养时间的延长,T0、T1、T2、T3有机质含量先增加后降低,在120d时达到最大,而T4、T5随着培养时间的增加,有机质含量一直增加。T1、T2与T0之间差异不显著,而T3、T4、T5与T0之间差异显著。T0、T1碱解氮变化不大,T2、T3、T4、T5碱解氮含量在培养后期才表现出差异性。速效磷含量大小为T5>T4>T3>T2>T1>T0。同一培养时间,T2、T3、T4、T5能显著提高速效钾含量。T1、T2的CEC在60d时达到最大,T3在90d时达到最大,T4、T5在120d时达到最大。3、两种土壤微生物量碳氮含量均表现为施肥量越大,含量越高,且在120d时达到最大;黄褐土各个处理间差异显著,红壤T1与不施肥组之间没有显著差异,其他处理与不施肥组间差异显著。4、对黄褐土而言,施用生物有机肥对土壤细菌群落有一定的影响,属水平上,施用生物有机肥增加了一些有益菌的丰度,如Lysobacter(溶杆菌属)、Massilia(马赛菌属),减少了Gemmatimonadaceae＿uncultured的丰度。对红壤而言,施用低中剂量生物有机肥对土壤细菌群落多样性的影响是不定向的,高剂量生物有机肥对土壤细菌群落多样性的影响是定向的。属水平上,施用高剂量生物有机肥增加了Gemmatimonadaceae＿uncultured、Ellin6067、Sphingomonas(鞘氨醇单胞菌属)、SC-I-84＿norank的丰度,减少了Vicinamibacterales＿norank、Subgroup 7＿norank、Vicinamibacteraceae＿norank、RB41的丰度。5、小白菜生物量(干重)和全磷全氮全钾在黄褐土上表现为随着施肥量的增加不断增加,且处理间差异显著。对于红壤来说,小白菜生物量(干重)和全氮全磷全钾含量均随施肥量增大而增大。施用生物有机肥后,茶园土壤的孔隙度、p H值、有机质、阳离子交换量、速效磷、速效钾含量均有提高,茶园土壤的肥力得到改善。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the excessive and blind use of chemical fertilizer,the problems such as the deterioration of soil fertility,nutrient imbalance,low fertilizer utilization rate,environmental pollution and other problems have been aggravated in recent years.Based on the current situation and the background of organic fertilizer substitution advocated by the country,actively seeking efficient and environmentally friendly chemical fertilizer alternatives has become the focus of agricultural research.As a new type of fertilizer,bio-organic fertilizer has the dual effects of organic fertilizer and microbial fertilizer.In recent years,the application of bio-organic fertilizer in agricultural production has achieved good results.This makes it more meaningful to study the effect of bio-organic fertilizer on soil fertility.In this paper,a soil culture experiment was conducted to explore the effects of different application rates of bio-organic fertilizer on the fertility of red soil and yellow cinnamon soil,including physical,chemical and biological fertility;pot experiments and field experiments were used to verify the effects of bio-organic fertilizer on cash crops and tea garden soil.The treatments of outdoor soil culture and pot experiment are: T0: no fertilization,T1:0.67g/kg,T2:1.33g/kg,T3:3.33g/kg,T4::6.67g/kg,T5:13.33g/kg;The experimental treatments of indoor soil culture are CK: no fertilization,treatment 1:3.33g/kg,treatment 2:6.67g/kg,treatment 3:13.33g/kg and treatment 4:20g/kg.The test results are as follows:1.The application amount of bio-organic fertilizer has a significant effect on soil bulk density,and the bulk density decreases with the increase of fertilizer application rate and culture time.Under the influence of time,all fertilization treatments could significantly reduce the soil bulk density.The number of > 0.25 mm grain size aggregates in two kinds of soil basically increased with the change of fertilizer application rate and time.2.For yellow cinnamon soil,bio-organic fertilizer decreased the soil p H value,and the p H value of each fertilizer application group was finally stable between 6.57 and6.59.The contents of soil organic matter,total nitrogen,available nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium and CEC were increased.The content of organic matter in T5 was significantly higher than that in other treatments,and there was no significant difference between T0 and T1.There was no significant difference in total nitrogen content between T1,T2,T3 and T0 during the sampling period,but there was significant difference between T4,T5 and other treatments.There was no significant difference in available nitrogen content between T0 and T1,and there was no significant difference among T2,T3,T4 and T5.The content of available phosphorus in soil was T4 > T5 > T3 > T2 > T1 > T0.The content of available phosphorus increased little in the early stage of culture,and then began to increase.There were significant differences in available potassium content and cation exchange capacity between T2,T3,T4,T5 and T0.For red soil,the application of bio-organic fertilizer decreased the soil p H value,and the p H of each treatment increased with the increase of culture time.Fertilization increased the contents of soil organic matter,total nitrogen,available nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium and CEC.With the extension of culture time,the content of organic matter in T0,T1,T2 and T3 increased at first and then decreased,reaching the maximum at 120 days,while the content of organic matter in T4 and T5 increased with the increase of culture time.There was no significant difference between T1,T2 and T0,while there was significant difference between T3,T4,T5 and T0.The contents of T0 and T1 available nitrogen changed little,but the contents of T2,T3,T4 and T5 showed differences in the later stage of culture.The content of available phosphorus is T5 > T4 > T3 > T2 > T1 > T0.At the same time,T2,T3,T4 and T5 could significantly increase the content of available potassium.The CEC of T1 and T2 reached the maximum at 60 days,T3 reached the maximum at 90 days,and T4 and T5 reached the maximum at 120 days.3.The content of microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen increased with the increase of fertilizer application in the two kinds of soil,and reached the maximum at120 days;there was significant difference among all treatments of yellow cinnamon soil,and there was no significant difference between T1 and no fertilizer application group in red soil.There was significant difference between other treatments and no fertilizer application group.4.For yellow cinnamon soil,the application of bio-organic fertilizer had a certain effect on the soil bacterial community.At the genus level,the application of bio-organic fertilizer increased the abundance of some beneficial bacteria,such as Lysobacter(lysobacteria),Massilia(Maasai),and decreased the abundance of Gemmatimonadaceae＿uncultured.For red soil,the effect of low and medium dose bio-organic fertilizer on soil bacterial community diversity is non-directional,while the effect of high-dose bio-organic fertilizer on soil bacterial community diversity is directional.At the genus level,the application of high-dose bio-organic fertilizer increased the abundance of Gemmatimonadaceae＿uncultured,Ellin6067,Sphingomonas and SC-I-84＿norank,and decreased the abundance of Vicinamibacterales＿norank,Subgroup 7＿norank,Vicinamibacteraceae＿norank and RB41.5.The biomass(dry weight)and total phosphorus,total nitrogen and total potassium of pakchoi increased with the increase of fertilizer application in yellow cinnamon soil,and there were significant differences among treatments.For red soil,the biomass(dry weight)of pakchoi and the content of total nitrogen,total phosphorus and total potassium increased with the increase of fertilizer application.After the application of bio-organic fertilizer,the contents of porosity,p H,organic matter,cation exchange capacity,available phosphorus and available potassium in tea garden soil were increased,and the fertility of tea garden soil was improved.更多还原