【作者】 张琴；

【导师】 甘露；

【作者基本信息】 长江大学 ， 外国语言学及应用语言学， 2023， 硕士

【摘要】 石黑一雄曾向读者发问,为什么我们会阅读小说?为什么不去读论文、历史、科学这样的让人即刻就能拥有知识的书籍?他以为或许是因为小说里存在着一种不会随时间流逝而崩塌的价值观,而我们总是能从中获得些什么。石黑一雄经常自称为“国际性”作家,书写人生的普遍真理是他成为小说家的动因,他也一直以这样的方式为世界贡献自己的力量。当他努力书写普遍真理时,他的前两部以日本为背景的小说《远山淡影》《浮世画家》使人们认为他仅仅在书写有关日本的故事,他试图说明他笔下的故事述说的是普遍真理,是放在世界上任何一个地方仍然成立的,这个动因造就了他广为人知的第三部作品《长日留痕》。而这个故事一定程度上是石黑一雄第二本小说故事的延续,二者都在论述当人们发现自己为了所谓的事业蹉跎了一生时,他会选择如何面对自己接下来的人生?二战后的社会处于一种价值观极其分裂的状态,面对社会变革,不同的人会做出不同的抉择,以此呈现人间百态。而现如今的社会仍然面对同样的问题:科学、技术、医学等学科正处于高速发展时期,它们为人类社会带来前所未有的利益的同时又在限制着人性的自由表达,制造出难以想象的混乱,而这些混乱造成的伤害不仅波及普通民众,也波及精英阶级。面对此种困境,什么样的力量可以协助人类渡过难关,找回内心的宁静,这是一个普世而永恒的话题,也是石黑一雄的小说试图找寻的答案。《长日留痕》看似是一个关于英国管家的故事,描述了管家为追寻伟大事业而失去爱情与亲情的故事主线,而在其中也隐藏着史蒂文斯与父亲二人关系博弈,肯顿小姐的成长轨迹以及达林顿勋爵的社会悲剧等潜在的故事线索,在肯顿小姐的成长轨迹中,读者能窥见肯顿小姐与史蒂文斯面对同样处境所做出的不同选择,在达林顿勋爵的社会悲剧里,读者能更清晰的察觉到史蒂文斯的艰难处境,同时能理解他所做出的选择。《长日留痕》书写的不是一个人的故事,而是人与人之间的温度与牵绊。它展露的不是一个阶级的处境,而是不同阶级、不同性别的群体在时代变革洪流中如何定义自己又如何做出人生选择的画面。以往关于《长日留痕》的研究主要在表面情节下展开,使得研究集中关注史蒂文斯的故事主线分析小说的主题意义而忽略了文中其他人物对于主题意义的丰富和深化。而申丹教授提出的“双重叙事理论”有助于挖掘文中隐藏的主题意义,显示出表面情节与隐性进程如何相互补充和相互颠覆以构建更丰富的主题思想。由此,本文的研究问题如下:一、隐性进程如何颠覆史蒂文斯的人物形象?二、作者如何借史蒂文斯与肯顿小姐的感情线展现独立的女性人物形象?三、作者如何以维多利亚时期绅士的道德理念的价值判断深化达林顿勋爵的人物形象?由此,本文以史蒂文斯、肯顿小姐、达林顿勋爵三人的故事线为线索描绘出整本小说的全貌而不是局限于史蒂文斯的视角,并以期以此展现石黑一雄小说中更为普世的人生真谛。《长日留痕》里的史蒂文斯、肯顿小姐、达林顿勋爵可以是现实生活中的你或我,如何在作出选择后勇敢地面对人生是每个人在每个阶段都会面对的问题。论文包括五个部分:第一章主要介绍了石黑一雄以及作品《长日留痕》主要情节、文献综述、研究问题、研究目的及意义以及研究理论和方法。第二章分析了史蒂文斯人物形象塑造,在表面情节中,从服饰,语言以及职业素养三个方面讨论史蒂文斯如何塑造自己的管家身份和绅士形象;然而隐性情节推翻了管家隐忍性格的古板印象,管家对自己的约束不全然是因为社会规约,还因父权对自身的压迫,导致史蒂文斯在作出选择时,总会面对理智与情感的碰撞。第二章分析了肯顿小姐的人物形象塑造,从表面情节看,肯顿小姐代表的是史蒂文斯的爱情线,一个情感极其克制的伤感爱情故事;但隐性进程则呈现出一位新时代女性的成长故事,刻画出一副独立女性的姿态,同时通过人物对比更能看出史蒂文斯所处的绝望处境。第三章分析了达林顿人物形象塑造,表面情节下,达林顿勋爵因性格缺陷导致被人利用遭世人唾弃;但在隐性情节中,勋爵之所以被人唾弃是因维多利亚的绅士观念已不适应时代变化,并且,石黑一雄在诸多细节中肯定了绅士品质,赞扬了维多利亚时期人与人之间的温情。第四章为总结部分以及论文的局限性。更多还原

【Abstract】 Kazuo Ishiguro once asked readers why we read fiction? Why not read an essay,why not read a history book,why not read a book of science,a book that has hard truth in it from which we can learn something? He thought that perhaps it was because there is a value in fiction that does not collapse with the passage of time and we can always get something from it.Kazuo Ishiguro considered himself as an “international” writer and expressing the universal truth of life is the motivation for him becoming a novelist and it’s also how he contributes himself to the world.His first two works,A Pale View of the Hills and An Artist of the Floating World,led people to deem his novels very much about Japan when he tried to show the universal human experience.He felt an urge to be recognized as somebody who was making comments about humanity or about what is eternally true and this is what motivates him to write his third novel The Remains of the Day which made him famous and widely known to this world as a writer.This novel is partly a continuation of the second novel in which people try to figure out how to face the rest of their life when they realized they actually wasted their time for committing themselves to some so-called career? After World War II,the society took on a new vision where values were extremely divided and people reacted differently to the social changes,thus presenting the whole picture of the humanity.Nowadays,the society still faces the same problem as before.Subjects such as science,technology and medical science are in a period of rapid development,which brings unprecedented benefits to human society and at the same time limits the free expression of humanity,creating unimaginable chaos.The damage caused by these chaos not only affects the general public,but also the elite class.What should we do and what kind of power will help us to go through the tough times when facing such a situation.This is something eternal true and is also the topic that Kazuo Ishiguro tries to discuss in his novels.The Remain of the Day appears to be a story about an English man who pursued his own career of becoming a perfect butler in sacrificing his personal life but hiding behind it are stories about Stevens’ relationship with his father,Miss Kenton’s life experience and Lord Darlington’s personal tragedy.From the life experience of Miss Kenton,the readers can glimpse the different choices made by Miss Kenton and Stevens when facing the same situation.And from the tragedy of Lord Darlington,the readers can perceive Stevens’ dilemma so as to understand his choices.The Remains of the Day is not only about one person,but also about the bonds and warmth between people.It reveals not only the situation of a class,but also a picture of how groups of different classes and genders define themselves and make life choices in the tide of social change.Previous studies on The Remains of the Day have mainly focused on the overt plot that is only the thematic meaning revealed by Stevens but ignored the deepening and complementary meaning of other characters in the text.The “dual narrative progression” proposed by Shen Dan helps readers to explore the hidden thematic meanings in the text,showing how the overt plot and the covert progression complement and subvert each other as to build a richer thematic idea.In this thesis,the research questions are: First,how does the covert progression subverts the stereotype of Stevens’ characterization? Second,how does the author present the characterization of Miss Kenton as an independent woman through the romantic relationship between Stevens and Miss Kenton? Third,how does the author deepen the characterization of Lord Darlington based on moral philosophy of Victorian gentlemen? Instead of analyzing the story only from Stevens’ point of view,this thesis traces the story line of Stevens,Miss Kenton,and Lord Darlington in order to depict the whole picture of the novel,showing the more universal meaning of life in Kazuo Ishiguro’s novel.Through the story of the characters in the novel,we can always sense a part of ourselves in them:How to gain the courage to face the life unfolding in front of us after making a wrong choice,which is always a problem that human beings may face at every stage of life.This thesis is composed of five parts.The first chapter introduces the life of Kazuo Ishiguro and his novel The Remains of the Day,the literature review,research questions,purpose and significance of the study,the theory employed and the research methods.The second chapter mainly analyzes Stevens’ characterization.In the overt plot,it discusses how Stevens portrayed himself as a butler and gentleman from three aspects: dress code,language and professionalism while the covert progression overturns the archaic impression of the butler’s stoic character by showing Stevens was always faced with the collision of sense and sensibility when making significant choices.It tells that the butler restrained himself not only because of the social statute,but also because of the patriarchal oppression of his father.The third chapter focuses on the characterization of Miss Kenton.The overt plot appeared to be a romantic relationship Miss Kenton had with Stevens.It is always considered to be one of the most restraint love story the readers have ever known.However,the story line of Miss Kenton is not only about a love story but also portraying an independent woman who grew up in the age when feminism germinated.Moreover,from the contrast between the characters the readers can sense the desperation of the situation Stevens was in.The third chapter analyzes characterization from Darlington’s perspective.In the overt plot,Lord Darlington is scorned by the world because of his crime committed in World War II while in the covert progression,the reason why Lord Darlington made such a mistake was that the old Victorian morality could not adapt to the changing times when things were done differently from the old days and Kazuo Ishiguro approves the quality of the old morality of gentleman in many details and praises the warmth between people at that time.The fourth chapter is the conclusion and the limitation of the thesis.更多还原