【作者】 刘冬梅；

【导师】 王冠； 郝爱萍；

【作者基本信息】 山东师范大学 ， 新闻与传播（专业学位）， 2023， 硕士

【摘要】 身体管理已经成为当代大多数大学生非常重视的行为,男大学生追求“穿衣显瘦,脱衣有肉”,胸肌、腹肌、力量美;女大学生追求减肥瘦身,成为窈窕、自信的美丽女子。自2020年新冠肺炎疫情发生以来,更多人关注到身体素质对于生活质量的重要性,由于受到时间、空间等因素的限制,全民健身的运动方式开始发生转化,人们不再仅满足于线下的健身运动,线上健身的热潮也涌现出来。疫情防控常态化期间,线上健身因其独特的优势(场地灵活,门槛较低),使得用户的活跃度显著上升,也深受被迫在校封闭式管理的大学生的追捧,同学们开始通过直播、录播、视频训练和社群交流等形式进行身体管理。本文将基于福柯的规训理论,探讨线上健身模式中是否仍存在外部的规训机制迫使大学生被动管理自己的身体,规训机制发生了哪些变化,是如何运作的。这种外部规训机制在潜移默化之中,是否内化为大学生们进行身体管理的一种标准,使得同学们主动地去进行自我规训,从而达到其想要的身体。如果答案是肯定的,那么这种自我规训的内部规训机制,又是怎样具体表现的。如果外部规训机制与内部规训机制是同时存在的,它们将如何相互配合发挥作用的,具体的权力规训机制是如何分布的,其实质又是怎样的。本文共分为六个部分,第一部分为绪论,主要包括论文研究的问题和意义;对身体和线上健身进行相关的文献梳理,以找出现有研究的不足,对前人的研究进行补充;对本文中涉及的一些关键词语进行概念解释;以及对本文的研究思路和所用到的研究方法进行详细地说明。第二部分对线上健身行业与大学生的身体规训产生联系的原因作出分析,主要是从两个方面着手分析:首先是宏观方面,结合时代背景,分析线上健身产业是如何引导大学生用户进行身体规训的,一方面消费社会中的资本为获取利益通过大众传媒等方式吸引大学生进行线上健身,另一方面大学生群体逐渐提高的身体意识去驱使其线上健身。其次是微观层面,从福柯规训理论中权力产生的条件和假设来探讨线上健身行业为什么与身体规训相关。大学生的身体在线上健身的规训之下也呈现出一系列特征。第三部分是从微观理论层面讨论线上健身对用户身体管理外在规训机制的升级,在福柯规训理论的基础之上,探究线上健身平台对身体规训的外在机制进行了哪些方面的升级,其通过分配艺术、对活动的控制、创生的筹划、对力量的编排的控制艺术以及层级监视、规范化裁决和检查机制的规训方式,集中对身体进行规训。本章节不仅从积极的方面阐释了线上健身对大学生身体的规训作用,也对大学生进行线上健身过程中的消极现象有所涉及,虽然线上健身行业对于时间策略进行了重新升级,但是对时间规定节奏的新策略,表面上是对健身用户休息时间的安排,但是实质上则是与真正的身体休息时间背道而驰。且进行线上健身的大学生在锻炼的过程中还会由于各种操作不当问题出现受伤情况。第四部分则是对线上健身用户对于身体管理的主动性规训即内部规训机制进行分析,线上健身的大学生用户通过符码操持、自我形象的构建、自我认同感的提升以及大学生所处的社会情境和时间消费的主动性表现形式进行着身体管理,并通过自我书写将身体管理的成果进行呈现。第五部分则是在第三部分和第四部分的基础上进行总结,阐释规训理论视角下的大学生的身体行为。线上健身行业对于大学生来说是充满矛盾与融合的,是健康身体与审美身体导向下的线上健身,也是身体规训与身体享乐矛盾融合下的线上健身,除此之外,大学生在进行线上健身的过程中也存在着身体规训与身体反抗的动态博弈过程。第六部分则是对线上健身对大学生身体规训的总结与反思。更多还原

【Abstract】 Body management has become a very important behaviour for most contemporary university students,with male students pursuing "thin clothes and flesh",pectoral muscles,abs and strength;and female students pursuing weight loss and slimming to become slender,confident and beautiful women.Since the outbreak of the new pneumonia epidemic in 2020,more people have become aware of the importance of physical fitness to their quality of life,and due to time and space constraints,the way people exercise has begun to change.During the normalisation of epidemic prevention and control,online fitness has seen a significant increase in user activity due to its unique advantages(flexible venues and lower barriers),and is also highly sought after by university students who are forced to manage in closed schools,and students are beginning to manage their bodies through live streaming,recording,video training and community exchanges.Based on Foucault’s theory of discipline,this paper will explore whether external disciplinary mechanisms still exist in online fitness models that force university students to passively manage their bodies,how they have changed and how they operate.Is this external discipline internalised into a standard of body management for the students,making them actively discipline themselves to achieve the body they want.If the answer is yes,then how does this internal discipline mechanism of self-regulation manifest itself? If external and internal disciplinary mechanisms exist simultaneously,how do they work in conjunction with each other,how are the specific power disciplinary mechanisms distributed,and what is their nature.This paper is divided into six parts.The first part is the introduction,which mainly includes the research questions and significance of the paper;a literature review on the body and online fitness to identify the gaps in existing research and to supplement previous studies;a conceptual explanation of some key terms involved in this paper;and a detailed explanation of the research ideas and the research methods used in this paper.College students’ bodies also show a series of characteristics under the discipline of online fitness.The second part analyses the reasons for the link between the online fitness industry and the physical training of university students,mainly from two aspects: firstly,from a macro perspective,the analysis of how the online fitness industry has guided university students to engage in physical training in the context of the times.On the one hand,capital in the consumer society attracts university students to online fitness through mass media and other means for profit,and on the other hand,university students are driven to online fitness by their increasing body awareness.The second part is the micro level,in which the conditions and assumptions of power in Foucault’s theory of discipline are used to explore why the online fitness industry is related to body discipline.The third section discusses the upgrading of the external mechanisms of body management by online fitness on a micro-theoretical level,exploring the ways in which online fitness platforms have upgraded the external mechanisms of body regulation through the art of distribution,control of activity,planning of creation,the art of controlling the choreography of power,and the regulation of hierarchical surveillance,normative adjudication and inspection mechanisms,based on Foucault’s theory of regulation.It focuses on the discipline of the body through the art of distribution,the control of activity,the planning of creation,the art of control over the choreography of force and the discipline of hierarchical surveillance,normative rulings and checking mechanisms.This chapter not only explains the positive aspects of online fitness as a form of physical discipline for university students,but also addresses the negative aspects of online fitness for university students.While the online fitness industry has reworked its time strategies,the new rhythm of time regulation is ostensibly a resting time for fitness users,but in essence it runs counter to real physical resting time.In addition,university students who work out online can suffer injuries during their workouts due to various malpractice issues.The fourth section analyses the internal regulation mechanism of online fitness users’ body management initiatives.The online fitness users manage their bodies through code manipulation,self-image construction,self-identity enhancement,and the social situation and time consumption of the university students.The fifth section concludes the third and fourth sections by explaining the physical behaviour of university students in the light of the theory of discipline.The online fitness industry is full of contradictions and convergences for university students,being an online fitness that is oriented towards a healthy body and an aesthetic body,as well as an online fitness that is a contradiction between body discipline and body pleasure,and a dynamic game between body discipline and body resistance in the process of online fitness.The sixth part is a summary and reflection on the effect of online fitness on the body discipline of university students.更多还原