【作者】 李阳；

【导师】 朱作贤；

【作者基本信息】 大连海事大学 ， 法律（法学）（专业学位）， 2022， 硕士

【摘要】 新冠肺炎疫情对我国经济各领域的影响是显而易见的,航运是国家经济的命脉,承载着全球90%的货物运输使命,其受到的冲击尤为严重,不仅影响到航运经济的发展,还给船员合法权益带来了负面影响。船员是航运业的重要支撑,作为全球船员数量最多的国家,我国的船员权益保障问题尤为重要。疫情期间,各地采取的防疫管控政策不一,给船员的换班及遣返权利的实现带来严重的限制,换班难、遣返难的问题持续存在,暴露出我国船员遣返权的保障规定急需完善。本文针对突发公共卫生事件背景下的船员遣返权问题进行研究,第一章界定突发公共卫生事件的概念,介绍国际关注的突发公共卫生事件(PHEIC)的概念、宣布程序及宣布后果,以及船员遣返权的理论基础;第二章以“弘进轮”事件为例,说明突发公共卫生事件下国际船员换班以及遣返权所遭遇的现实困境,以及因防疫管控政策而产生的遣返成本增加的问题,船员遣返权的实现与港口准入权、船舶最低安全配员之间的冲突问题;第三章内容为介绍《2006年海事劳工公约》对船员遣返权的相关规定,以及疫情期间,公约与港口准入权、船舶最低安全配员之间的协调问题;第二节是针对遣返权内容的规定与其他国家相比较,分为遣返权的适用情形、遣返费用及遣返地点三个方面分析,说明其他国家相关规定的可借鉴之处;第三节内容是现行国际组织对将船员列为“关键工人”这一项措施的介绍,分为“关键工人”的概念、将船员认定为“关键工人”的由来以及PHEIC期间船员作为“关键工人”所享有的便利;第四章是在前面三章的基础上,针对在突发公共卫生事件这一特殊的时代背景下,船员遣返权法律规定暴露出的问题,借鉴国际先进经验,加快船员立法,完善船员在突发公共卫生事件背景下遣返权保障的相关规定,建立符合我国特色的船员换班及遣返制度。更多还原

【Abstract】 The impact of the COVID-19 on various fields of China’s economy is obvious.Shipping is the lifeblood of the national economy,carrying 90% of the global cargo transportation mission.It has been particularly impacted,which not only affects the development of the shipping economy,but also has a negative impact on the legitimate rights and interests of seafarers.Seafarers are the important support of the shipping industry.As the country with the largest number of seafarers in the world,the protection of seafarers’ rights and interests in China is particularly important.During the epidemic period,different epidemic prevention and control policies were adopted in different regions,which seriously restricted the realization of crew’s shift change and repatriation rights.The problems of shift change and repatriation continued to exist,exposing the urgent need to improve the provisions on the protection of crew’s repatriation rights in China.This paper studies the issue of crew repatriation right under the background of public health emergencies.The first chapter defines the concept of public health emergencies,introduces the concept of public health emergencies(pheic)of international concern,the declaration procedure and consequences,and the theoretical basis of crew repatriation right;The second chapter takes the "Hongjin" incident as an example to illustrate the practical difficulties encountered by the international crew’s shift change and repatriation rights under public health emergencies,as well as the increased repatriation costs caused by the epidemic prevention and control policies,and the conflicts between the realization of crew’s repatriation rights and port access rights,as well as the minimum safe manning of ships;The third chapter introduces the relevant provisions of the Maritime Labour Convention 2006 on the right of crew repatriation,as well as the coordination between the Convention and the right of port access and the minimum safe manning of ships during the epidemic;The second section compares the provisions on the content of the right of repatriation with those in other countries,which is divided into three aspects: the application of the right of repatriation,the cost of repatriation and the place of repatriation,and explains what other countries can learn from the relevant provisions;The third section is an introduction to the measures taken by current international organizations to list crew members as "key workers",which is divided into the concept of "key workers",the reasons for identifying crew members as "key workers" and the convenience enjoyed by crew members as "key workers" during the pheic period;The fourth chapter is based on the previous three chapters,aiming at the problems exposed in the legal provisions of crew repatriation right under the special background of public health emergencies,learning from international advanced experience,speeding up crew legislation,improving the relevant provisions on the protection of crew repatriation right under the background of public health emergencies,and establishing a crew shift change and repatriation system in line with Chinese characteristics.更多还原