【作者】 郭文利；

【导师】 党睿；

【作者基本信息】 天津大学 ， 工程（专业学位）， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 纸、绢其材质特点是国际照明委员会规定的最高光敏感级别,极易受到光照影响产生黄变、脆化、粉化等损伤现象。但是以纸、绢为基材的国画作品在博物馆展陈中,由于观赏需求光照必不可少,因此研究纸、绢的光损伤规律对于以其为基材的国画作品的观赏和保护具有重要意义。目前博物馆领域的照明数量标准存在着标准不统一、精确性欠缺、未综合考虑保护和视看需求、久未更新等问题。因此对以纸、绢为基材的国画作品进行精确、科学定标具有必要性与实用性。对于博物馆中的古代纸绢类文物,本研究选择光谱各波段辐照影响近似相等的D55光源作为实验光源,19世纪原件纸、绢作为样本,在0 lx、50 lx、100 lx、150 lx、200 lx五个不同照度下开展照射实验。共照射12个周期,1440 h,每个周期末使用红外光谱仪测试样本内部构象变化,并用氧化指数变化量和结晶度变化量分别表征纸、绢损伤情况。得到不同基材样本光损伤程度与照射时间和照度的变化规律,建立损伤-照射时间-照度三维可视化曲面模型和数学模型。通过代入博物馆中文物的年平均展陈时间,将损伤-照射时间-照度的二元数学模型转换为损伤-照度的一元函数。根据纸、绢各自的函数曲线变化特点,采用不同的方式为其取定照明数量指标。在目前广泛采用的50lx照度指标基础上,得到同等可接受损伤下照度的最大值,平衡博物馆展览时视看和保护的双重需求,并通过计算得到对应的曝光量指标。其为具有普适性的一般性照明数量指标。同时,考虑到珍贵文物的特殊保护需求,给出在不同照明情境下的针对性照明数量指标计算方法。利用本研究结果和课题组前期积累,结合实际展陈光源光谱,将D55光源照射下得出的一般性照明数量指标进行换算,得到实际光源照射下的针对性照明数量指标。并以常用的LED光源为例,对该过程进行了具体阐述。对于基材生产时期不同的近现代纸绢类艺术品,本研究选择现代纸、绢作为实验样本,开展D55光源在不同照度下的照射实验,通过对红外光谱仪测得的数据进行处理和分析得到近现代纸绢类艺术品的照明数量指标推荐值。为存量巨大且价值可观的近现代作品的展陈和保护提供理论支持。本研究采用光老化实验法对以纸、绢为基材的国画作品进行研究,分别给定古代纸绢类文物和近现代纸绢类艺术品的照明数量指标推荐值,该研究对于国画作品的展陈及保护具有重要意义,为相关标准的修订提供理论依据,也为其他类型的艺术品定标提供了方法参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 Paper and silk are characterized by the highest light sensitivity level specified by the International Commission on Illumination,and they are extremely susceptible to yellowing,embrittlement,chalking and other damages caused by the influence of light.However,in museum exhibitions,traditional Chinese paintings on paper and silk are indispensable for viewing.Therefore,studying the law of light damage on paper and silk is of great significance to the appreciation and protection of traditional Chinese paintings on paper or silk.The current lighting quantity standards in the museum field have problems such as inconsistent standards,lack of accuracy,failure to comprehensively consider protection and viewing needs,and long-term renewal.Therefore,it is necessary and practical to accurately and scientifically calibrate traditional Chinese painting works on paper or silk.For the ancient paper and silk relics in the museum,this study selected D55 light source with nearly equal radiation effect in each spectral band as the experimental light source,and the original paper and silk in the 19 th century as samples.The irradiation experiments were carried out under five different illuminances of 0 lx,50 lx,100 lx,150 lx and 200 lx.At the end of each cycle,infrared spectrometer was used to test the internal conformation changes of samples,and the changes of oxidation index and crystallinity were used to characterize the damage of paper and silk respectively.The relationship between the degree of light damage and irradiation time and illumination was obtained,and the damage-irradiation time-illumination three-dimensional visualization surface model and mathematical model were established.By substituting the average annual exhibition time of these exhibits in the museum,the binary mathematical model of damage irradiation time illumination is transformed into a unitary function of damage illumination.According to the characteristics of the function curve of paper and silk,different ways are adopted to determine the lighting quantity index.Based on the widely used 50 lx illumination index,the maximum illumination under the same acceptable damage is obtained to balance the dual needs of viewing and protection in museum exhibition,and the corresponding exposure index is obtained by calculation.It is a general lighting quantity index with universality.At the same time,considering the special protection needs of precious cultural relics,the calculation method of targeted lighting quantity index in different lighting situations was given.Based on the results of this study and the previous accumulation of the research group,combined with the actual display of light source spectrum,the general lighting quantity index under the illumination of D55 light source is converted to obtain the targeted lighting quantity index under the illumination of the actual light source.Taking the commonly used LED light source as an example,the process was described in detail.In this study,modern paper and silk were selected as the experimental samples to carry out the irradiation experiment of D55 light source under different illuminations.Through processing and analyzing the data measured by infrared spectrometer,the recommended value of lighting quantity index of modern paper and silk art products was obtained.It provides theoretical support for the exhibition and protection of modern works with huge stock and considerable value.In this study,the light aging experiment method was used to study the traditional Chinese painting works on paper and silk.The recommended values of lighting quantity index of ancient paper and silk cultural relics and modern paper and silk works were given respectively.This study is of great significance for the exhibition and protection of traditional Chinese painting works,and provides a theoretical basis for the revision of relevant standards,It also provides a method reference for other types of art calibration.更多还原