【作者】 李静；

【导师】 徐红；

【作者基本信息】 杭州电子科技大学 ， 英语语言文学， 2022， 硕士

【摘要】 当代英国著名小说家格雷厄姆·斯威夫特擅长以历史书写的方式,反映当时社会现实,将众生之相展示在读者面前,同时通过对死亡的描写激发世人对生命的思考。《杯酒留痕》是斯威夫特最具代表性的小说,一经问世便夺得当年的布克奖,奠定了其在英国文坛的地位。迄今为止,国内外对该小说的研究,主要集中在历史观、叙事和后现代特征等方面,较少讨论伦理的议题,遑论深入而系统的探究。有鉴于此,本文在文本细读的基础上运用文学伦理学批评方法,从文学伦理学批评角度探讨《杯酒留痕》中的伦理困境与救赎式的伦理选择。本文由五个章节组成。第一章简述斯威夫特的作品及写作特色,对《杯酒留痕》国内外研究现状进行全面简要的综述,并指出本文研究的意义,简述文学伦理学。第二章主要关注伦理环境的转变,回归《杯酒留痕》的伦理现场,探究第二次世界大战前后由地理、经济和文化共同勾勒出的伦理环境的转变。第三章重点论述了人物的伦理困境:丈夫伦理责任缺位的夫妻关系、养父子伦理关系的冲突、妻子与母亲伦理身份的对立,以及挚友伦理身份的越位。第四章详细分析了人物伦理选择,重点关注丈夫伦理身份的回归、养父子伦理关系的重塑、女性伦理选择的自主、以及挚友伦理关系的重新确立。结论部分进行总结:残酷的战争带来难以修复的创伤,让人与人、人与社会的关系变得更加复杂,容易让人陷入困惑和两难的境地。在面对伦理困境时,“死亡”让小说人物获得了“重生”,做出救赎式伦理选择,蕴含重要的伦理价值,为人类的文明进步提供经验和教诲,具有强烈的现实意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Graham Swift,a famous contemporary British novelist,is keen on reflecting the social reality at that time in the way of historical writing to show readers with actions and ideas of all human beings,and at the same time to inspire people to ponder life through the depiction of death.Last Orders,Swift’s masterpiece,winning the Booker Prize as soon as it was published,has established his status in the British literary scene.So far,scholars both in China and abroad have mainly focused their researches on the perspectives of historical writing,narrative strategy and postmodernism,few of them are exploring ethical issues in the novel,and fewer are in-depth and systematic analyses of ethical issues of the novel.Based on the author’s close reading of Last Orders,this thesis explores the ethical predicaments and redemptive ethical choices from the perspective of ethical literary criticism.This thesis consists of five chapters.The first chapter briefly describes Swift’s works and his writing characteristics,gives a comprehensive and brief overview of the researches of Last Orders at home and abroad,points out the significance of this study,and briefly describes ethical literary criticism.The second chapter focuses on ethical environmental factors,returning to the ethical scene of Last Orders and exploring the transformation of the ethical environment outlined by geography,economy and culture before and after the Second World War.Chapter three discusses ethical predicaments of main characters in the novel,including absence of husband’s ethical responsibilities in marriage,huge confrontation between adoptive father and adopted son,opposition between the roles of wife and mother,dislocation of the ethical identity as best friends.Chapter four analyzes the characters’ ethical choices in detail,focusing on the return of ethical identity as a husband,the reshape of the father-son ethical relationship,the construction of female autonomy in ethical choices,and the reestablishment of ethical identity as best friends.Through the analysis of the above five chapters,this thesis draws the following conclusions: irreparable traumas brought by the cruel war make relationships between man and man,and man and society more complicated,making it more likely for people to get into confusion and predicaments.Faced with ethical predicaments,characters in the novel are given a new life by “death” to make redemptive ethical choices,which implies ethical values and provides both historical experience and moral education for the progress of human civilization,having solid practical significance.更多还原