【作者】 刘迪；

【导师】 李静；

【作者基本信息】 合肥工业大学 ， 数量经济学， 2022， 硕士

【摘要】 绿色贸易壁垒是发达国家惯常使用的贸易保护手段,其以环保之名行贸易保护之实,对中国的出口贸易产生了诸多阻碍。但与此同时,绿色壁垒也在倒逼着中国各个行业生产、管理、以及贸易的转型发展和升级优化,对于国家推动可持续发展,深化贸易和环境的良性交互也产生了一定的积极作用。那么中国出口企业在面临绿色贸易壁垒这项严峻的“大考”时会否进一步提升绿色治理能力,减少污染排放以实现绿色转型?囿于数据限制,相关研究主要从跨国层面和行业层面展开,鲜有从微观角度深入讨论绿色贸易壁垒对出口企业环境绩效的影响。本文试图回答中国出口企业能否及时适应绿色壁垒冲击并将其内化于绿色转型。首先从理论层面分析绿色贸易壁垒的政策背景以及表现形式,找到其影响中国企业环境绩效的影响渠道。其次,利用2000—2012年中国工企、污染及海关数据库的三方微观匹配数据,以2005年入世后过渡期针对中国的绿色贸易壁垒的爆发以及中央和地方出台的应对措施作为准自然实验,采用双重差分法研究绿色贸易壁垒对中国出口企业环境行为的影响,检验行业、区域异质性,并采取充分的稳健性检验。最后,采用实证方法识别了绿色贸易壁垒作用于中国企业环境行为的微观机制。研究结果表明:(1)总体上,绿色贸易壁垒能不同程度地改善出口企业的环境绩效,降低了大气和水污染排放强度,提高了用水效率;(2)存在较强的行业和地区异质性,东部地区、制造业以及高污染行业减排效应明显,其他行业和地区表现迥异;(3)影响机制显示,企业绿色创新补偿和治理成本增加是绿色贸易壁垒改善环境绩效的重要原因。本文研究政策含义表明,绿色壁垒能够倒逼中国出口企业将绿色贸易壁垒转化为绿色转型动力,有效推进了对外贸易的绿色高质量发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 Green barriers to trade are a common means of trade protection used by developed countries.They are in fact trade protection in the name of environmental protection and have created many obstacles to China’s export trade.However,at the same time,green barriers are also forcing the transformation and upgrading of production,management and trade in various industries in China,which has a positive effect on China’s efforts to promote sustainable development and deepen the positive interaction between trade and the environment.Faced with the severe "test" of green trade barriers,can Chinese exporters further improve their green management capabilities,reduce pollution emissions and achieve green transformation? Due to data limitations,current studies have mainly been conducted at the cross-country and industry levels,and few have discussed the impact of green trade barriers on the environmental performance of exporters from a micro perspective.We seek to answer the question of whether Chinese exporters can adapt to green barrier shocks in time and internalize them in their green transformation.Firstly,we analyze the policy context and manifestations of green trade barriers at the theoretical level to find the channels of their impact on the environmental performance of Chinese firms.Secondly,using tripartite micro-matched data from Chinese industrial enterprises,pollution and customs databases from 2000-2012,we examine the impact of green trade barriers on the environmental behavior of Chinese exporters using the outbreak of green trade barriers against China during the transition period after WTO accession in 2005 and the response measures introduced by the central and local governments as a quasi-natural experiment,using a double difference method to examine industry and regional heterogeneity,and adopt adequate robustness tests.Finally,an empirical approach is used to identify the micro mechanisms by which GTBs act on the environmental behavior of Chinese firms.The findings show that:(1)overall,GTBs can improve the environmental performance of exporters to varying degrees,reducing the intensity of air and water pollution emissions and improving water use efficiency;(2)there is strong industry and regional heterogeneity,with significant emission reduction effects in eastern regions,manufacturing industries and highly polluting industries,and very different performance in other industries and regions;(3)the impact mechanism shows that compensation for green innovation by enterprises and the increase in the cost of governance are important reasons for GTBs to improve environmental performance.The policy implications of this study show that green barriers can force Chinese exporters to transform GTBs into green transformation momentum,effectively promoting the green and high-quality development of foreign trade.更多还原