【作者】 张艳；

【导师】 凡启兵； 胡柳波；

【作者基本信息】 长江大学 ， 农村发展（专业学位）， 2022， 硕士

【摘要】 推动外出从业和经营人员返乡入乡是我国政府解决各地发展不均衡的重要举措,也是平衡各地人才储备和人才质量的方式。相对于普通的返乡人群,返乡能人通常具有强大的个人能力和丰富的社会资源,对于自己家乡技术水平的提高、经济的发展和经济结构的优化都有着举足轻重的作用。论文通过统计调研的方式,对荆州市能人返乡创业的现状、问题和困难进行了解,结合相关学者的研究成果,运用二元Logistic模型实证分析了各因素对荆州市能人创业的影响,根据实证结果,提出了促进荆州市能人返乡创业的建议。论主要结论有:(1)能人的基本特征。在已经创业的返乡能人当中,创业者的年龄占比最大的阶段为30岁到39岁,且男性创业者明显比女性要多,已婚的明显多于未婚的,高中或中高等职业教育以上的创业人更多,在外务工或经商时间会影响创业,但长期的在外经营会使创业意愿降低。能人返乡前。大多数能人返乡前在东部地区工作,所从事的行业以制造业、批发零售业和建筑业等低端产业为主。(2)创业情况。返乡能人在创业时大多选择与返乡前关联性较高的行业进行创业,导致创业项目集中在批发零售业等传统行业,新兴创业项目占比不足两成。创业项目的启动资金较为有限,企业规模普遍较小,经营用地以租赁场地为主,获得的政府支持项目也多以补贴和小额担保贷款为主。(3)创业面临的问题和困境。能人返乡后遇到的主要问题是短期收入下降、创业环境不尽如人意、配套服务不足、政策扶持力度不够、配套基础设施不齐等。(4)影响因素分析。性别、年龄、学历、婚姻状况和在外务工或经商时间等变量对荆州市返乡能人创业成功与否有显著的正向影响;乡前后收入情况、返乡前后工作相关性有显著的负向影响;是否有创业经历、是否为首次创业、周围亲朋好友有无创业对荆州市返乡能人创业成功与否有显著的正向影响,周围亲朋好友创业影响的正向作用不显著,文化环境和创业环境满意度有显著的负面影响;创业资金来源和创业启动资金数额对荆州市返乡能人创业成功与否有显著的正向影响,创业项目用地类型的正向影响不显著;得到的政府扶持项目和是否有创业培训均对荆州市返乡能人创业成功与否有显著的正向影响。基于上述结论,提出如下建议:(1)加强外出和返乡人员数据收集,精准服务返乡创业;(2)加大财政金融支持力度,解决创业资金困境;(3)加大创业培训教育力度,提升能人创业综合素质;(4)提高政府服务意识,建立创业保障长效机制。(5)完善基础设施建设,打造良好返乡创业氛围。更多还原

【Abstract】 Promoting the return of employees and managers to their hometown is an important measure for the Chinese government to solve the uneven development of various regions,and it is also a way to balance the talent reserve and talent quality of various regions.Compared with ordinary returnees,returnees usually have strong personal ability and rich social resources.They play an important role in the improvement of their hometown’s technical level,economic development and the optimization of economic structure.By means of statistical investigation,this paper understands the current situation,problems and difficulties of Jingzhou capable people returning home to start a business.Combined with the research results of relevant scholars,this paper empirically analyzes the impact of various factors on Jingzhou capable people’s entrepreneurship by using binary logistic model.According to the empirical results,this paper puts forward some suggestions to promote Jingzhou capable people returning home to start a business.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)The basic characteristics of capable people.Among the returning talents who have started a business,the age of entrepreneurs accounts for the largest proportion from 30 to 39 years old,and there are significantly more male entrepreneurs than women.There are significantly more married than unmarried,and there are more entrepreneurs with high school or higher vocational education.Working abroad or doing business will affect entrepreneurship,but long-term operation abroad will reduce their willingness to start a business.Before able-bodied people return home.Most able-bodied people work in the eastern region before returning home,and are mainly engaged in low-end industries such as manufacturing,wholesale and retail and construction.(2)Entrepreneurship.When starting a business,returning talents mostly choose industries with high relevance before returning home,resulting in the concentration of entrepreneurial projects in traditional industries such as wholesale and retail,and the proportion of emerging entrepreneurial projects is less than 20%.The start-up funds of entrepreneurial projects are relatively limited,the scale of enterprises is generally small,the business land is mainly leased,and the government supported projects are mainly subsidies and small guaranteed loans.(3)Problems and difficulties faced by entrepreneurship.The main problems encountered by capable people after returning home are the decline of short-term income,unsatisfactory entrepreneurial environment,insufficient supporting services,insufficient policy support,incomplete supporting infrastructure and so on.(4)Analysis of influencing factors.Gender,age,educational background,marital status and working or business time have significant positive effects on the entrepreneurial success of returning able people in Jingzhou;The income before and after returning home and the correlation between work before and after returning home have a significant negative impact;Whether there is entrepreneurial experience,whether it is the first time to start a business,whether the surrounding relatives and friends start a business has a significant positive impact on the entrepreneurial success of returning capable people in Jingzhou,the positive impact of the entrepreneurial impact of the surrounding relatives and friends is not significant,and the satisfaction of cultural environment and entrepreneurial environment has a significant negative impact;The source of venture capital and the amount of start-up capital have a significant positive impact on the success of entrepreneurship of returning talents in Jingzhou,and the positive impact of the land type of venture project is not significant;The government support projects and whether there is entrepreneurship training have a significant positive impact on the entrepreneurial success of returning capable people in Jingzhou.Based on the above conclusions,the following suggestions are put forward:(1)strengthen the data collection of people going out and returning home,and provide accurate services for returning home and entrepreneurship;(2)Increase financial support and solve the dilemma of venture capital;(3)Strengthen entrepreneurship training and education to improve the comprehensive quality of capable people;(4)Improve the awareness of government service and establish a long-term mechanism for entrepreneurship guarantee.(5)Improve infrastructure construction and create a good atmosphere for returning home and entrepreneurship.更多还原