【作者】 张慧；

【导师】 仝建平；

【作者基本信息】 山西师范大学 ， 中国古代史， 2022， 硕士

【摘要】 平阳商帮不仅是明清晋商的重要组成部分,也是晋商的重要源流。翼城商人作为平阳商帮的有机组成部分,在清代民国时有其不可忽视的商业成就,因此本文主要以清代民国翼城商人为研究对象,对其发展脉络、崛起兴盛的原因、经营状况、商人家族以及其社会影响几个方面进行探究与分析。翼城商人从明末开始活跃于商界,经过清初的发展到清中期进入其商业顶峰,大量商人经商于外,经营行业涉及布、铁、盐、杂货等,经营地域以陕甘宁、京津冀等地区为主,同时也涌现出一些优秀的商人家族,诸如北绛孙家、河寨杨家;清末民初社会动荡,翼城商人艰难生存;到民国中后期,受战争影响,翼城商人彻底没落。翼城商人在清代之所以能够迅速崛起,离不开其地理位置与周边丰富的物产,翼城东临泽路产铁要地,南靠河东池盐产地,并且位于泽潞铁货西运、河东池盐北上的重要通道上,再加上四通八达的道路网以及其历史悠久的商业传统不难解释翼城商人的兴盛。其中铁货商人与布商是众多翼城商人中的佼佼者,翼城铁货商人将生意做到铁制品稀缺的西北地区,“蔚隆章”铁货行更是独占鳌头;翼城布商则在北京、通州、苏州等地形成一股势力,并在三地分别修建了翼城会馆用于商业联络与维护乡谊。当然还有大量的行商坐贾活跃在翼城本地的商业街、村镇市集、大小庙会等场所,这些商人是构成翼城商人的另一个重要部分。在整个晋商团体中,翼城商业家族并不显眼,只有北关高家与南卫丁家等个别家族在翼城境内可算得上商业实力雄厚,他们在全国多地开办商号,商业利润丰厚,滋养家族发展壮大。其余皆为小商人家族,当然他们的商业经营也足以让他们显赫一时。这些商人家族发家后无一例外地兴建家业,修宅盖庙;当然他们也普遍重视建设家族伦理道德与文化教育,以求家族长盛不衰。当然翼城商人最显著的社会价值在于其对贸易地的商业影响,既满足了当地民众的消费需求,推动了不同地域的经济文化交流,也促进了当地城镇的发展与繁荣。当然他们也利用自己的财富救助灾民、帮助乡里、筑桥修路,既赢得了良好的声誉,也有助于提高自身的社会地位,帮助他们获得地方社会话语权。此外他们对子孙后代输出的伦理道德教育以及他们出资修建的庙宇、桥梁也成为今天宝贵的精神财富与物质财富。更多还原

【Abstract】 Pingyang Shang Gang is not only an important part of Jin merchants in Ming and Qing Dynasties,but also an important source of Jin merchants.As an organic part of Pingyang Shang Gang,Yicheng merchants made some commercial achievements in the Republic of China.Therefore,this paper mainly studies Yicheng merchants of the Qing Dynasty,and analyzes its development,reasons for its rise and prosperity,business status,merchant family and its social influence.Yicheng merchants became active in the business world through the beginning of the early Qing Dynasty,a large number of businessmen,including cloth,iron,salt,groceries,etc.,and some excellent merchant families,such as North Jiang Sun and He Zhai Yang family;in the middle of the Republic of China,Yicheng merchants completely declined.Wing city merchants in the rapid rise of the qing dynasty,cannot leave its geographical location and surrounding rich products,wing city east linze road iron point,south by hedong pool salt origin,and is located in the ze firm iron goods west,hedong pool salt north important channel,coupled with the road network and its long history commercial tradition is not difficult to explain the prosperity of wing city merchants.Among them,iron traders and cloth traders are the best among many Yicheng merchants,Yicheng iron traders will business is scarce in northwest China,"Wei Long chapter" iron shop is dominant;Yicheng cloth traders formed a force in Beijing,Tongzhou,Suzhou and other places,and built in three places for commercial contact and maintenance.Of course,there are also a large number of merchants sitting Jia active in the local commercial streets,village markets,temple fairs and other places,these merchants are another important part of the composition of Yicheng merchants.In the whole Jin business group,Yicheng business family is not conspicuous,only some families such as Beiguan Gaojia and Nanjing Ding family can be regarded as strong commercial strength,they open businesses in many places in the country,rich commercial profits,nourish the development and growth of the family.The rest were small merchant families,and of course their business was enough to make them prominent.After these merchant families made their fortune,they built homes and temples;they also paid importance to building family ethics and culture education in order to thrive.Of course,the most significant social value of Yicheng merchants lies in their commercial impact on the trade area,which not only meets the consumer needs of the local people,promotes the economic and cultural exchanges in different regions,but also promotes the development and prosperity of the local towns.Of course,they also use their wealth to help victims,help villages,build Bridges and roads,which not only win a good reputation,but also help improve their social status and help them gain the voice in local society.In addition,their exported ethics and moral education to future generations and their funded temples and Bridges have also become the precious spiritual and material wealth of today.更多还原