【作者】 王辉；

【导师】 薛景；

【作者基本信息】 东北财经大学 ， 数量经济学， 2022， 硕士

【摘要】 党的十八大以来,党中央始终把教育摆在优先发展的战略位置,让每个孩子享有平等受教育的机会。在过去,发展民办教育是缓解优质基础教育资源稀缺且分布不均衡的一项重要举措,在国家一系列政策支持下,民办基础教育发展迅猛,在部分地区呈现出“民强公弱”的公、民办教育发展格局,并且出现了民办学校提前招生、“掐尖”等严重有违教育公平的行为,对此,党中央进一步明确民办义务教育学校与公办学校同步招生并且实施电脑随机录取,简称“公民同招,民办摇号”政策。该政策的颁布使得依靠成绩进入民办初中的可能性消失,部分家庭为了提高子女进入优质初中的确定性,会选择优质的公办初中,即增加优质初中对口住宅的需求。本文探讨了在当前“就近入学”原则下,旨在促进教育公平的“公民同招,民办摇号”政策是否加剧了优质教育资源在住宅市场的资本化现象,可以为该政策的实施效果提供数据支持,并为教育对住宅价格的影响提供依据,具有一定的现实意义。本文选取民办教育较为发达的上海市作为研究对象,利用其主城区2018年9月至2021年9月期间116079条二手房成交记录的微观数据,以家长普遍认可的初中梯队作为教育质量的度量,建立双重差分模型,评估“公民同招,民办摇号”政策对学区房房价的影响效应,并进行一系列稳健性检验。在此基础上,根据住房市场及学校的某些特有性质,从初中质量划分、学制、小升初方式、房屋类型及小学质量五个方面针对教育资本化效应的异质性展开评估;最后本文还分别从公办学校和民办学校视角评估了该政策对房屋租赁市场的影响。根据实证分析结果,得到如下主要结论:1.“公民同招,民办摇号”政策导致了学区房市场二手房价格的上涨,全样本下学区房价格上涨了大约3.75%,由此可见,该政策的实施加剧了公办优质教育资源在住房市场的资本化程度,并且通过了 一些列稳健性检验。2.“公民同招,民办摇号”政策所产生的资本化效应在多方面展现出异质性。小区对口初中质量越高,房价上涨幅度越大;在区分了学制连贯性后,发现确定性更强的优质一贯制公办学校对口小区房价增长的更多;具有二次选择机会的户籍对口升学方式相比学籍对口入学产生了更强的政策效应;不同房屋类型对该政策作出的反映不同,有强烈教育偏好且有一定选择权利的中等收入群体受到该政策的影响最大,各总价段下小面积住宅受到该政策的影响要大于大面积住宅受到该政策的影响;最后,在考虑了小区对口小学质量的影响下,发现政策前处于价格洼地的小学质量较差而初中质量较好的小区价格上涨最多。3.“公民同招,民办摇号”政策对住房租赁市场影响较小。从公办学校视角来看,在当前租售并未完全同权的情况下,“公民同招,民办摇号”政策的资本化效应并未转移到租金上,甚至由于租房的教育属性较弱,导致了租金在一定程度上的下降;从民办学校的视角来看,该政策有利于缓解民办学校附近小区高租金的现象。综上,“公民同招,民办摇号”政策短期内在一定程度上导致了优质学区房房价的上涨,加剧了教育的资本化现象。虽然该政策有利于促进公、民办教育公平,抑制民办学校“择校热”,但是在“就近入学”原则下却抬高优质公办初中对口小区房价,提高了低收入人群接受优质教育的壁垒,有违教育公平。因此,“公民同招,民办摇号”政策需要同其他教育均等化措施一并实施,如增大优质教育资源供给、教师轮岗制度、教育集团化等,共同促进教育公平。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China has always placed education in a strategic position of giving priority to development,so that every child has equal access to education.In the past,the development of private education was an important measure to alleviate the scarcity and uneven distribution of high-quality basic education resources.With the support of a series of national policies,private basic education has developed rapidly.In some areas,the development pattern of public and private education has shown that "the people are strong and the public are weak",and there have been private schools enrolling students in advance,"pinching the top" and other acts that seriously violate educational fairness,The Party Central Committee further clarified that private compulsory education schools and public schools enroll students synchronously and implement the policy of computer random enrollment,which is referred to as "synchronous enrollment of public and private schools,and private lottery".The promulgation of this policy has eliminated the possibility of relying on performance to enter private junior high schools.In order to improve the certainty of their children entering high-quality junior high schools,some families will choose high-quality public junior high schools,that is,to increase the demand for high-quality junior high school counterpart housing.This paper discusses whether the policy of "synchronous enrollment of public and private schools,and private lottery" aimed at promoting education equity has intensified the capitalization of high-quality education resources in the housing market under the current principle of"Nearby Enrollment",which can provide data support for the implementation effect of this policy and provide a basis for the impact of education on housing prices.It has certain practical significance.This paper selects Shanghai,a city with relatively developed private education,as the research object,uses the micro data of 116079 second-hand housing transaction records in its main urban area from September 2018 to September 2021,takes the junior high school echelon generally recognized by parents as the measurement of education quality,establishes a dual differential model,evaluates the impact of the policy of "synchronous enrollment of public and private schools,and private lottery" on school district housing prices,and carries out a series of robustness tests.On this basis,according to some special characteristics of the housing market and schools,the heterogeneity of education capitalization effect is evaluated from five aspects:the quality division of junior high schools,the school system,the way of junior high school entrance examination,the group of house buyers and the quality of primary schools;Finally,this paper also evaluates the impact of the policy on the housing rental market from the perspective of public schools and private schools.According to the results of empirical analysis,the main conclusions are as follows:1.The policy of "synchronous enrollment of public and private schools,and private lottery" has led to the rise of the price of second-hand housing in the school district housing market,which has increased by about 3.75%in the whole sample.It can be seen that the implementation of this policy has intensified the capitalization of public high-quality education resources in the housing market,and has passed a series of robustness tests.2.The capitalization effect produced by the policy of "synchronous enrollment of public and private schools,and private lottery" shows heterogeneity in many aspects.The higher the quality of the counterpart junior high school in the community,the greater the increase in house prices;After distinguishing the continuity of the school system,it is found that the high-quality public schools with stronger certainty have more room price growth in their counterparts;The method of registered residence counterpart enrollment,which has the opportunity of secondary choice,has a stronger policy effect than the counterpart enrollment;Different groups of buyers have different responses to the policy.The middle-income group with strong educational preference and certain right to choose is the most affected by the policy.The small-area housing under each total price segment is more affected by the policy than the large-area housing;Finally,taking into account the impact of the quality of primary schools in the community,it is found that the quality of primary schools in the price depression before the policy is poor,and the price of residential areas with better quality in junior high schools has increased the most.3.The policy of "synchronous enrollment of public and private schools,and private lottery" has little impact on the housing rental market.From the perspective of public schools,under the condition that the current rent and sale are not completely the same,the capitalization effect of the policy of "synchronous enrollment of public and private schools,and private lottery" has not been transferred to the rent,and even the rent has declined to a certain extent due to the weak educational content of the rented house;From the perspective of private schools,this policy is conducive to alleviating the phenomenon of high rent in residential areas near private schools.To sum up,the policy of"synchronous enrollment of public and private schools,and private lottery" has led to the rise of housing prices in high-quality school districts to a certain extent in the short term and intensified the capitalization of education.Although this policy is conducive to promoting the fairness of public and private education and curbing the "school selection fever" of private schools,it raises the housing prices of high-quality public junior high school counterparts under the principle of "Nearby Enrollment",raising the barriers for low-income people to receive high-quality education,which is contrary to education fairness.Therefore,the policy of "synchronous enrollment of public and private schools,and private lottery" needs to be implemented together with other educational equalization measures,such as increasing the supply of high-quality educational resources,the teacher rotation system,and Education Collectivization,so as to jointly promote educational fairness.更多还原