【作者】 雷冬梅；

【导师】 陈钦龙；

【作者基本信息】 郑州大学 ， 文物与博物馆（专业学位）， 2022， 硕士

【摘要】 宁夏地区既是关中通往塞外和北方游牧民族南下的重要通道,也是丝绸之路的重要组成部分。本文利用宁夏地区北朝至隋唐墓葬资料,在考古类型学研究的基础上,对墓葬的分期、等级及相关问题进行论述,以便深入了解宁夏地区北朝至隋唐的墓葬特点与丧葬习俗。全文共分为六部分。第一部分为绪论。从时间和空间两方面对研究范畴进行界定,梳理宁夏地区北朝至隋唐墓葬的考古发现及研究现状,提出本文研究的意义与思路。第二部分是墓葬的类型学研究。根据建造材料的不同,将墓葬分成土洞墓、砖室墓和石室墓三大类,依墓室数量、墓葬形状等再进行类型的划分。选取陶俑、塔式罐、陶罐、陶壶、执壶和铜镜等典型器物进行类型学分析。第三部分是墓葬的分期与等级研究。结合已有分期研究成果及纪年墓资料,将宁夏地区北朝至隋唐墓葬分为北魏、西魏北周、隋至初唐、盛唐和中晚唐五期,总结墓葬发展演变规律。依据墓室面积,参考墓主身份明确的墓葬,将宁夏地区北朝至隋唐墓葬分为三个等级。第四部分是墓葬区域特征研究。宁夏地区北朝至隋唐墓葬与长安地区相比,总体发展趋势一致,同时保留有地域性特征。依据墓葬分布情况及地理环境,可将宁夏地区分为宁北和宁南两个区域,两地墓葬的差异主要在于建造材料的不同,区域差异的形成受地质条件、地缘及交通路线等因素的影响。第五部分为宁南地区北朝至隋唐墓葬的殉牲习俗及出土中、西亚风格器物的研究。宁南地区发现较多殉牲墓葬,殉牲种类有马、狗、羊、牛等,殉牲习俗的保留与当地独特的地理位置相关。宁南地区出土的中、西亚风格器物与丝绸之路的兴衰有密切关系,北魏至盛唐丝绸之路途经宁南地区的原州,当地各级官吏和下层民众墓葬中均发现此类器物,侧面反映出北朝至隋唐中西文化交流的繁荣局面。第六部分为结语。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Ningxia region is not only an important passage from Guanzhong to outside of the Great Wall and the northern nomads going south,but also a key part of the Silk Road.Based on the archaeological typology research,this paper uses the tomb data from the Northern Dynasties to the Sui and Tang Dynasties in Ningxia to discuss the staging,grades and related issues of the tombs,so as to deeply understand the local characteristics and funeral customs of the tombs in that period.The full text is divided into six sections.The first part is the introduction.The research scope is defined from time and space dimensions,the archaeological discoveries and research status of the tombs from the Northern Dynasties to the Sui and Tang Dynasties in Ningxia are sorted out,and then the meaning and logic of this study are put forward.The second section is the typological study of tombs.According to the different construction materials,the tombs are categorized into three types: earth cave tombs,brick tombs and stone tombs.Typical artifacts such as pottery figurines,tower pots,pots,pots,pots,and bronze mirrors are selected for typological analysis.The third part is the research on the stages and grades of the tombs.Combined with the existing research achievements and chronological tomb data,the tombs from the Northern Dynasties to the Sui and Tang Dynasties in Ningxia are further subdivided into the Northern Wei Dynasty,the Western Wei and the Northern Zhou Dynasty,the Sui to the Early Tang Dynasty,the Prosperous Tang Dynasty,as well as the Middle and Late Tang Dynasty,in order to summarize the development and evolution of the tombs.According to the area of the burial chamber and referring to the tombs with clear identities of the tomb owners,the tombs are classified into three grades.The fourth section is the research on the regional characteristics of the tomb.The tombs in Ningxia are consistent with the general development trend of tombs in Chang’an during the same period,while they also retain obvious regional characteristics.According to the distribution of tombs and the geographical environment,Ningxia can be divided into northern and southern Ningxia.The difference between the tombs in these two areas is mainly caused the difference in construction materials,which is mainly due to the influence of geological conditions,geography and traffic routes..The fifth part is the research on sacrifice custom in the tombs from the Northern Dynasties to the Sui and Tang Dynasties in the southern Ningxia and the unearthed artifacts in the style of Central and Western Asia.There are many tombs of sacrificial sacrifices found in southern Ningxia,including horses,dogs,sheep,cattle,etc,whose preservation is related to the unique geographical location of the region.The Central and Western-style artifacts unearthed in this area are closely related to the rise and fall of the Silk Road.The Silk Road from the Northern Wei Dynasty to the Prosperous Tang Dynasty passed through Yuanzhou in the Ningnan area,where the Central and Western-style artifacts were commonly found in the tombs of local officials and people at all levels,reflecting the prosperity of cultural exchanges between China and the West during that period.The sixth section is the conclusion.更多还原