【作者】 马海涛；

【导师】 伦海波； 黄英杰；

【作者基本信息】 燕山大学 ， 法律硕士（非法学）（专业学位）， 2022， 硕士

【摘要】 进入到21世纪以来,房地产市场经济的火爆促进了预约合同的发展,预约合同的应用主要体现在房屋预售合同中,而后扩展到适用于买卖合同类型,到了2021年正式实施的《民法典》中,预约合同的应用突破了合同类型的限制,该做法值得肯定。但是对预约合同的违约责任所存在的能否适用继续履行和损害赔偿范围并没有回应,导致司法判决争议不断。本文从案例分析入手寻找问题,结合理论研究分析预约合同违约责任中是否包含继续履行和损害赔偿承担的范围如何确定。全文的整体结构分为四个部分:第一部分为绪论。第二部分论述了预约合同违约责任的理论基础,通过类型化的方法将预约合同区分为典型预约合同和磋商型预约合同,肯定了预约合同的效力应区分对待,典型预约合同因其确定性较高,在效力上采应当缔约效力,磋商型预约合同因其确定性较低在效力上采诚信磋商效力。构建预约合同义务群,划分预约合同的义务分类,预约合同的义务应当包括主合同义务订立本约合同与从合同义务诚信磋商,前者归责原则采严格责任,后者归责原则采过错责任。第三部分探讨了预约合同违约责任中的继续履行问题,违反不同的义务会带来强制缔结和强制磋商的效果。对于强制缔约来说,可通过代替履行以法院判决的方式作出意思表示,来达到缔结本约合同的目的,而磋商具有强烈的人身属性,如果强制磋商会违反意思自治原则。因此在典型预约合同中合同义务为订立本约,承担违约责任的方式应当包括继续履行;在磋商型预约合同中合同义务为诚信磋商,承担违约责任的方式不包括继续履行。第四部分探讨了预约合同违约责任中的损害赔偿范围,违反合同义务承担违约责任应计算履行利益,而在典型预约合同中可以实现本约的强制缔结,预约的履行利益计算应当与本约的履行利益具有相当性,从缔约阶段来说又应当低于本约的履行利益。在磋商型预约合同中此时预约的履行利益无法明确,应当赔偿预约的信赖利益,包括为缔约所产生的成本费用,但不应包括机会利益的损失。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since the beginning of the 20th century,the real estate market economy boom has promoted the development of reservation contracts.The application of reservation contracts is mainly reflected in housing pre-sale contracts and then extended to the types of sales contracts.The Civil Code will be officially implemented in 2021.The application of an appointment contract breaks through the limitation of contract type,which is worthy of recognition.However,there was no response to whether the liability for breach of contract in the reservation contract could be applied to continue performance and the scope of damages,resulting in constant disputes over the judicial decision.This article starts with a case analysis to find the problem,combined with theoretical research to analyze whether the liability for breach of contract includes continued performance and the scope of damage compensation.The overall structure of the full text is divided into four parts: The first part is the introduction.The second part discusses the theoretical basis of the liability for breach of contract in the reservation contract,and divides the reservation contract into the typical reservation contract and the negotiated reservation contract through a typological method,and affirms that the validity of the reservation contract should be treated differently.If it is high,it should be concluded in terms of effectiveness,and negotiated reservation contracts are based on good faith negotiation due to their low certainty.Construct a reservation contract obligation group,and divide the obligation classification of the reservation contract.The obligation of the reservation contract should include the main contract obligation to conclude the contract and the honest negotiation from the contract obligation.The third part discusses the continuous performance in the liability for breach of contract in advance.Breach of different obligations will bring about the effect of forced conclusion and forced negotiation.For compulsory contracting,concluding this contract can be achieved by expressing intention in court judgment instead of performance,and negotiation has a solid personal attribute if compulsory negotiation will violate the principle of autonomy of will.Therefore,in a typical reservation contract,the contractual obligation is to conclude this contract,and the method of assuming the liability for breach of contract should include continuing to perform;in a negotiated reservation contract,the contractual obligation is good faith negotiation,and the method of assuming the liability for breach of contract does not include continuing to perform.The fourth part discusses the scope of damages in the liability for breach of contract in the reservation contract.The liability for breach of contract should be calculated as the benefit of performance.In a typical reservation contract,the compulsory conclusion of this contract can be realized.The performance benefits are comparable and should be lower than the performance benefits of this contract from the point of view of the contracting stage.In the negotiated reservation contract,the performance benefit of the reservation cannot be clearly defined,and the reliance interest of the reservation should be compensated,including the costs incurred for the conclusion of the contract,but not the loss of opportunity benefits.更多还原