【作者】 朱晓宁；

【导师】 唐代盛；

【作者基本信息】 北京交通大学 ， 公共管理， 2022， 硕士

【摘要】 改革开放以来,我国经济发展动力强劲,经济体量不断扩大,居民收入不断攀升,但同时也伴随着潜在的风险与问题,如代际收入传递趋势在居民间不断扩大的收入差距中表现得愈发明显,社会上关于“富二代”和“拼爹”的言论备受关注,人们对代际收入传递问题越来越重视。究其根源,这实质上是阶层固化所带来的负面社会效应,反映了社会劣势地位群体对贫富分化的不满。教育作为改善人力资本的重要因素,可以为弱势群体实现向上流动提供机会,是实现个人发展和社会流动的重要途径。近年来,随着我国教育现代化事业的不断推进,我国教育不平等现象得到一定改善,教育公平在社会经济发展中的主导作用也愈发明显,成为维护社会公平和促进经济增长的基石。在教育现代化背景下,我国居民代际收入传递表现出怎样的特征,省域教育不平等的改善能否促进代际收入的向上流动从而促进社会公平,是值得我们关注的问题。通过对上述问题的回答,可以进一步认识到教育均衡发展对代际收入流动的影响,为政府制订更为科学、合理的公共教育政策提供依据。第一章首先介绍了本文的研究背景与研究意义、核心概念、研究内容、研究思路与研究方法及可能的创新之处。第二章主要阐述了与教育不平等和代际收入流动相关的基础理论,并梳理和总结了现有研究成果。第三章对本文使用的数据与变量进行介绍,并对我国省域教育不平等现状及居民代际收入流动现状进行分析说明;第四章为本文的实证研究部分,通过设定Logit回归模型,探讨了省域教育不平等对代际收入流动的影响,并采用分组回归对不同性别、户籍、学历和地区的群体进行异质性分析,最后为确保研究结论的可靠性进行了稳健性检验。第五章对本文的研究结论进行归纳总结:第一,我国教育整体处于相对平等状态,但存在着改善空间变小,区域教育发展不平衡的问题;第二,我国居民收入存在代际传递效应,且代际收入流动性会随着收入水平的提升而增加;第三,省域教育不平等的改善可以提升代际收入流动性。教育基尼系数每增加1%,子代收入相对父代收入向上流动的可能性减少4.3%;第四,省域教育不平等的改善对代际收入流动性的促进作用存在异质性。具体来说,省域教育不平等的改善能够显著促进男性子代、农村子代、高学历子代和西部地区子代的代际收入实现向上流动。并依据研究结论进行了如下对策思考:优化教育资源配置,确保教育机会公平;完善教育资助体系,提供向上流动的保障;落实教育新发展理念,提升学生综合素质与能力;改善劳动力市场,为促进阶层流动提供良好环境。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since the reform and opening up,China’s economic development has been strong,the economy has continued to expand,and residents’ income has continued to rise,but at the same time,it is also accompanied by potential risks and problems.It is obviously that the remarks about "second-generation rich" and "daddy fight" in the society have attracted much attention,and people are paying more and more attention to the issue of intergenerational income transmission.Investigating its root cause,this is essentially the negative social effect brought about by the solidification of classes,reflecting the dissatisfaction of the disadvantaged groups with the polarization between the rich and the poor.As an important factor in improving human capital,education can provide opportunities for disadvantaged groups to achieve upward mobility,and is an important way to achieve personal development and social mobility.In recent years,with the continuous advancement of my country’s educational modernization,my country’s educational inequality has been improved to a certain extent,and the leading role of educational equity in social and economic development has become more and more obvious.It has become the cornerstone of maintaining social equity and promoting economic growth.In the context of educational modernization,what are the characteristics of the intergenerational income transmission of Chinese residents?Whether the improvement of provincial educational inequality can promote the upward mobility of intergenerational income and thus promote social equity is an issue worthy of our attention.By answering the above questions,we can further realize the impact of balanced development of education on intergenerational income flow,and provide a basis for the government to formulate more scientific and reasonable public education policies.The first chapter first introduces the research background and research significance,core concepts,research contents,research ideas and research methods and possible innovations of this paper.The second chapter mainly expounds the basic theories related to educational inequality and intergenerational income mobility,and sorts out and summarizes the existing research results.The third chapter introduces the data and variables used in this paper,and analyzes the current situation of educational inequality in my country and the intergenerational income flow of residents in China;the fourth chapter is the empirical research part of this paper.By setting the Logit regression model,The influence of provincial education inequality on intergenerational income mobility is discussed,and grouping regression is used to analyze the heterogeneity of groups with different genders,household registrations,educational backgrounds and regions.Finally,robustness tests are carried out to ensure the reliability of the research conclusions.The fifth chapter summarizes the research conclusions of this paper: first,my country’s education as a whole is relatively equal,but there are problems that the improvement space becomes smaller and the regional education development is unbalanced;second,there is an intergenerational transmission effect of my country’s residents’ income,and the intergenerational income mobility will increase as the income level increases;third,the improvement of provincial education inequality can improve the intergenerational income mobility.For every 1% increase in the education Gini coefficient,the probability of the upward mobility of the offspring’s income relative to that of the father’s decreases by 4.3%.Fourth,the improvement of provincial educational inequality has a heterogeneous effect on the promotion of intergenerational income mobility.Specifically,the improvement of provincial education inequality can significantly promote the upward mobility of intergenerational income of male offspring,rural offspring,highly educated offspring,and offspring in western regions.And based on the research conclusions,the following countermeasures are considered: optimize the allocation of educational resources to ensure fair educational opportunities;improve the education funding system to provide a guarantee for upward mobility;implement the new development concept of education to improve students’ comprehensive quality and ability;improve the labor market,in order to promote Class mobility provides a good environment.更多还原