【作者】 陈曦；

【导师】 仲秋雁；

【作者基本信息】 大连理工大学 ， 工商管理（专业学位）， 2022， 硕士

【摘要】 近20年来,中国城市轨道交通建设成指数增长,无论是建设里程还是开通城市数均大幅增加。中国城市轨道交通协会2020年年报显示,全国累计有244条地铁线路开通运营,遍布45个城市,总运营里程近8000公里。然而,城市轨道交通建设投资巨大,运营收费低廉,对已开通的城市来说,市政府均承受着巨大的资金压力,单纯依靠售票和传统的车站及车厢广告既不能补贴运营亏损,更不能反哺轨道交通建设。因此研究地铁企业如何改进盈利模式,不仅有利于改善行业困境,更有利于缓解财政压力。本文以D市地铁集团为主要研究对象,遵循问题导向和目标导向的研究思路,综合运用深度访谈法、数据分析法、文献资料法等研究方法,利用盈利模式相关理论进行盈利模式矩阵分析,结合D市地铁集团发展现状及盈利模式对比分析,指出了当前D市地铁集团面临的四个主要问题:一是D市轨道交通线路暂未成网,乘客数量不足;二是传统的地铁灯箱还有车站的其他广告形式处在下坡阶段;三是利用地铁的车站、车辆段场等进行综合开发利用不够;四是可经营资源有待深度挖掘,经营模式需要新的尝试。针对上述主要问题,结合D市地铁集团的经营实际,通过SWOT矩阵分析、盈利模式PM矩阵分析等,论文提出了D市地铁集团盈利模式优化原则、总体进程,给出了盈利模式改进的具体措施:一是应用TOD模式提高地铁沿线土地利用收益;二是拓展资源经营的渠道和内容;三是深度挖掘可经营资源,尝试多元的经营模式;四是结合自身特点开展票卡经营;五是广泛开展周边产品经营;六是建立高水平的轨道交通投融资平台。最后,根据盈利模式改进方案,从组织架构优化、人员结构调整和资金保障等方面提出了保障措施。论文的研究结论对国内城市轨道交通负责企业有参考价值,对国内地铁企业,乃至公交、有轨电车等公益性、重资产、大客流的企业也有借鉴价值。但由于城市轨道交通企业的特殊性,本文结论局限于公益性的国有企业,不适用于追求利益最大化或资产规模较小的企业。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the past 20 years,China’s urban rail transit construction has grown exponentially,both in terms of construction mileage and the number of cities.According to the 2020 annual report of the China Association of Metros,by the time of the thesis being written,244 metro lines have been opened and operated in 45 cities across the country,with a total operating mileage of nearly 8,000 kilometers.However,the municipal governments of these cities are under huge financial pressure.The construction investment is huge,but the metro ticket charges are low.Ticket sales and advertising revenue from stations and metro cars were not enough to cover operating losses,let alone recoup the metro building costs.Therefore,studying how to improve the profit model of metro enterprises is not only conducive to improving the industry’s predicament,but also to alleviating financial pressure.The paper takes D city metro group as the main research object,following the problemoriented and goal-oriented research ideas,comprehensively applying research methods including in-depth interview method,data analysis method and literature reviewing method and using profit model related theories to conduct profit model matrix analysis.Through a comparative analysis of the development status and profit model of the D city metro group,the paper points out four main problems faced by the D city metro group: first,the metro lines in D city have not been connected to form a network and the number of passengers is insufficient;Second,the traditional metro lightboxesand stations advertising and other forms of advertising are in a downward trend;Third,resources within metro stations and depots have not been fully exploited.Fourth,the resources that can be commercialized need to be tapped and the business model needs new attempts.In view of the above-mentioned problems and based on the operation status of D city metro group,through SWOT matrix analysis and profit model PM matrix analysis,the paper puts forward principle and overall process and specific measures in how to optimize the profit model of D city metro group.The first is to apply the TOD model to improve the land resources exploitation along the metro line;The second is to expand the channels and contents of resources commercialization;The third is to tap the resources that can be commercialized and try a diversified business model;The fourth is to sell tickets and cards with its own features;The fifth is to exploit and sell peripheral products;The sixth,establish a high-level rail transit investment and financing platform.To realize profit model improvement,the paper proposes measures in organizational structure optimization,staff restructuring and fund guarantee.Conclusions of the stesis can be extended to domestic urban rail transit companies for reference and also domestic metro enterprises as well as enterprises involved in public transport,tram hubs and other transit featuring public welfare,asset-heavy and big-passenger flow.Due to the particularity of metro enterprises,conclusions of the paper are limited to public welfare state-owned enterprises,and not applicable to enterprises that pursue maximum profits or have small assets.更多还原