【作者】 张晓宇；

【导师】 宁晓刚； 王浩；

【作者基本信息】 辽宁工程技术大学 ， 测绘科学与技术， 2022， 硕士

【摘要】 东北虎豹国家公园是我国生物多样性热点地区和优先保护区,同时也是受人类活动影响较大的地区,虎豹栖息地破碎化风险形势严峻。因此,开展人类活动对东北虎豹国家公园景观破碎化的影响风险研究,对于平衡东北虎豹保护与人类活动发展的冲突具有重要意义。尽管关于风险评估的研究成果丰富,但当前还未有研究探讨不同人类活动对景观破碎化的影响风险。鉴于此,本文以相关研究为基础,构建了一种人类活动对景观破碎化的影响风险识别方法,并结合人类足迹理论、景观格局分析、广义相加模型、GIS空间分析等方法,深入评估人类活动对东北虎豹国家公园景观破碎化的影响风险。主要结论如下:(1)景观破碎化的时空分布表明人类干预对缓解景观破碎化起决定性作用,但同时也反映出人类活动是景观破碎化的主要影响因素。2015-2020年,研究区内破碎化程度较轻,且在2017年东北虎豹国家公园体制试点建设以来,破碎化程度明显减弱。然而,破碎化严重地区仍然占到总面积的8%-10%,其中在人口聚集区中面积占比高达70%,且越接近人类活动频繁的地区,景观破碎化程度越严重,变化越剧烈。(2)通过研究区全域尺度的风险识别结果能够从总体上掌握各人类活动因子的影响风险空间分布情况。2015-2020年间,土地利用强度和工矿活动影响风险区面积未发生明显变化;交通可达性影响风险区面积占比在5年间增加了16.38%,这主要由于国道G331的修建导致东部地区的景观破碎化程度逐渐加重;人口密度影响风险区面积占比在2020年增加了6.6%。此外,4个人类活动因子共同影响下的景观破碎化风险区从561.51km~2增加到1436.76km~2,5年间范围扩大了1.55倍。(3)主导区尺度的风险识别结果能够清晰展现不同人类活动影响风险的空间分异特征。2015-2020年间,4个人类活动因子的影响风险区存在明显的空间差异,其中土地利用强度影响风险区面积最大且分散,占总面积的34%左右;其次,交通可达性影响风险区集中分布在东南部,受国道G331影响严重;人口密度影响风险区零散分布于居民点周围;工矿活动影响风险区最小且集中于中部地区。此外,核心保护区、一般控制区与研究区全域具有相同的分布规律,而在人口聚集区中,工矿活动影响风险区占比仅次于土地利用强度。本研究可以为东北虎豹国家公园管理部门制定人类活动管控措施提供参考依据,并对其他国家公园和自然保护地的建设和管理具有一定的借鉴意义。该论文有图22幅,表14个,参考文献102篇。更多还原

【Abstract】 Northeastern China Tiger and Leopard National Park(NCTLNP)is a biodiversity hotspot and priority conservation area in China,but at the same time,it is also an area heavily impacted by human activities,and the risk of habitat fragmentation of tigers and leopards is serious.Therefore,it is important to carry out research on the impact of human activities on landscape fragmentation in the NCTLNP to balance the conflict between wildlife conservation and human activities development.Despite the abundant research results on risk assessment,no research has been conducted to explore the risk of human activities on landscape fragmentation.In view of this,based on relevant researches,this paper constructs a method to identify the risk area of human activities on landscape fragmentation,and combines human footprint theory,landscape pattern analysis,the Generalized additive model,GIS spatial analysis and other related theoretical methods to deeply assess the impact risk of human activities on landscape fragmentation in NCTLNP.The main findings are as follows.(1)From the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of landscape fragmentation,human intervention plays a decisive role in mitigating landscape fragmentation,but it also indicates that human activities are the main factor impacting landscape fragmentation.From 2015 to 2020,the landscape fragmentation in the study area is light and has significantly decreased since the pilot construction of the NCTLNP system in 2017.However,the severely fragmented areas still account for 8-10% of the total area.Among them,the area percentage in the population gathering zone is as high as about 70%,and the closer to the areas with frequent human activities,the more serious the landscape fragmentation and the more drastic the changes.(2)The risk assessment at the global scale of the study area can generally grasp the spatial distribution of the impact risk of various human activity factors.Between 2015 and 2020,the impact risk areas of Land use intensity and Industrial and mining activities do not change significantly;The percentage of the Traffic accessibility impact risk area increased by 16.38% in5 years,mainly due to the gradual increase in landscape fragmentation in the eastern region caused by the construction of national road G331;The percentage of the Population density risk area increased by 6.6% in 2020.In addition,the area of the landscape fragmentation risk area under the combined impact of four human activity factors increased from 561.51km~2 to 1436.76km~2,and the coverage increased nearly threefold in five years.(3)The risk assessment at the scale of the dominant area can clearly show the spatial differentiation characteristics of the impact risk of various human activity factors.There are obvious spatial differences in the risk areas of the four human activity factors.Among them,Land use intensity impact risk area is the largest and scattered,accounting for about 34% of the total area;Secondly,Traffic accessibility impact risk area is concentrated in the southeastern of the study area,which is seriously impacted by national road G331;Then the Population density impact risk area is distributed around the residential point;The impact risk area of Industrial and mining activities is the smallest and is concentrated in the central region of the study area.In addition,the core protection zone,general control zone and the whole area of the study area have the same distribution pattern,while the percentage of the risk area impacted by Industrial and mining activities is second only to the Land use intensity in the population gathering zone.This study can provide a reference basis for the management of the NCTLNP to adopt targeted human activity control measures,and has implications for the construction and management of other national parks and other nature reserves.There are 22 figures,14 table,and 102 reference in this paper.更多还原