【作者】 张岩；

【导师】 刘秀丽；

【作者基本信息】 东北师范大学 ， 发展与教育心理学， 2022， 硕士

【摘要】 亲社会说谎行为的发展特点和影响因素一直是被讨论的话题,最近关于影响说谎行为的社会情境因素的研究逐渐成为热点。群体关系作为人际关系中最为普遍的一种形态,研究其对儿童亲社会说谎行为的影响是非常必要的。另外,共情一直被视为亲社会行为的重要动机因素,群体关系背景下儿童亲社会说谎行为中共情的作用也有待讨论。本研究通过两个实验,探讨群体关系对4-6岁儿童亲社会说谎行为的影响以及共情的作用。实验1主要探讨群体关系对4-6岁儿童亲社会说谎行为的影响,考察是否会出现内群体偏好现象。采用3(年龄:4岁,5岁,6岁)×2(群体关系:内群体vs外群体)×2(亲社会说谎类型:避免他人难过的亲社会说谎行为vs为他人获益的亲社会说谎行为)的被试间设计,使用最简群体范式对287名儿童进行内、外群体的分组,分别使用失望礼物范式和改编的最后一轮游戏任务测量两种亲社会说谎行为。结果发现,群体关系影响4-6岁儿童的亲社会说谎行为,相比于外群体成员,儿童更愿意为内群体成员说谎,即出现内群体偏好现象。避免他人难过的亲社会说谎行为的内群体偏好现象开始出现在5岁,为他人获益的亲社会说谎行为的内群体偏好现象开始出现在6岁。实验2基于实验1,进一步探讨共情是否是亲社会说谎行为中出现内群体偏好现象的原因,诱导共情是否可以调节群体关系对亲社会说谎行为的影响。采用3(年龄同实验1)×2(群体关系同实验1)×2(亲社会说谎类型同实验1)×2(诱导共情:诱导组vs控制组)的被试间设计。被试为589名4-6岁儿童,结果发现诱导共情增加了儿童为外群体成员的亲社会说谎行为,亲社会说谎行为中的内群体偏好现象消失。其次诱导共情对儿童亲社会说谎行为的促进作用受到说谎类型的影响,对于避免他人难过的亲社会说谎行为,诱导共情可以促进内、外群体条件下4-6岁儿童的说谎行为,而对于为他人获益的亲社会说谎行为,诱导共情仅可以促进外群体条件下6岁组儿童的说谎行为。综合两个实验,本研究发现群体关系会影响4-6岁儿童的亲社会说谎行为,出现内群体偏好现象,而诱导共情可以调节这种内群体偏好现象。更多还原

【Abstract】 In this study,we use two experiments to investigate the influence of group membership on prosocial lying behavior of 4 to 6 years old children and the role of empathy.In experiment 1,we investigated the influence of group membership on prosocial lying behavior of 4 to 6 years old children,and explored whether in-group preference was found.We use a 3(age: 4 to 6 years old;between-subjects)×2(group membership: in-group vs out-group;between-subjects)×2(prosocial lying type: lying to avoid others’ sad vs.lying to benefit others;between-subjects)design.Totally 287 children were divided into out-group and in-group using the minimal group paradigm.Prosocial lying was measured by the disappointment gift paradigm and the last-round game task.The results showed that children were more likely to lie for in-group members than out-group members.The in-group preference in lying to avoid others’ sad appear at 5 years old,and appear at 6 years old in lying to benefit others.Based on experiment 1,experiment 2 further explored whether empathy can influence ingroup preference in prosocial lying.We used a 3(age: same with experiment 1)×2(group membership: same with experiment 1)×2(prosocial lying type: same with experiment 1)×2(induced group vs.control group;between-subjects)design.Subjects were 589 children aged4 to 6.We found that inducing empathy can increase prosocial lying and was affected by the type of lying.Inducing empathy can improve 4 to 6 years old children to lie to avoid others sad both in-group and out-group conditions,but only improve 6-year-old children to lie to benefit others in out-group condition.We also found that inducing empathy makes the in-group preference disappear in the two prosocial lying behaviors.To conclude,this study found that group membership influences prosocial lying behavior of 4 to 6 years old children,appearing in-group preference.And empathy can influence this ingroup preference.更多还原