艾萨炉熔炼过程熔渣侵蚀特性及延长炉寿的应用研究

【作者】 张辉；

【导师】 王华；

【作者基本信息】 昆明理工大学 ， 冶金工程（专业学位）， 2022， 硕士

【摘要】 艾萨炉炼铜法是一种顶吹浸没熔池熔炼法,通过喷枪把富氧空气鼓入熔池中,使熔池中的熔体剧烈搅动,加快熔体的化学反应速度,利用铜精矿中硫、铁氧化产生的热量进行熔炼,在铜冶炼工艺中有着广泛的应用实践。在艾萨炉熔炼过程中,由于熔池一直被鼓入的富氧空气搅动,熔池中的熔体一直处于剧烈翻腾的状态,熔体对艾萨炉炉砖造成冲刷侵蚀,炉砖损耗严重,导致艾萨炉的炉寿较短。因此,在满足生产工艺的前提下,尽可能的延长炉砖的使用寿命是目前冶炼企业的主要技术攻关课题。本文通过理论与实践相结合的研究方法,研究了艾萨炉熔渣对炉墙砖耐火材料的侵蚀特性,分析得出影响艾萨炉炉衬耐火材料使用寿命的主要影响因素,针对这些影响因素做出了相应的技术研究与攻关,对艾萨炉炉寿问题提出了解决方法。熔渣对耐火砖的侵蚀实验表明,在铜熔渣侵蚀镁铬砖耐火材料后会产生六价铬化合物,形成了0.04%的Ca Cr O₄。铜熔渣对镁铬砖的侵蚀率随铜渣碱度的增加而降低,随着碱度从0.085增加到0.105,侵蚀速率从0.129%下降到0.038%。镁铬砖在被侵蚀后,RTZMGe-M8、RTZMGe-M12型的两种镁铬砖产生了很多六价铬,RTZMGe-M8、RTZMGe-M12型两种镁铬砖的抗侵蚀能力没有RTZMGe-M16型镁铬砖的好,合理的增加镁铬砖中的铬含量可以提高耐火材料的抗侵蚀性能。通过具体的生产实践,研究发现影响艾萨炉炉寿的主要因素有炉砖材质和结构、渣型控制和炉墙挂渣、炉温控制、入炉物料成分等。提高入炉物料成分、控制杂质含量、提高料量的稳定性,炉温稳定控制在1150-1180℃,渣型Si O₂/Fe控制在0.88-0.90,温度波动±20℃内,控制合理的挂渣厚度,降低热应力和化学侵蚀,有助于提高炉砖的使用寿命。本研究旨在延长艾萨炉炉砖使用寿命,提高艾萨炉炉转耐火材料的抗侵蚀性能,研究艾萨炉熔体对艾萨炉炉体的侵蚀特性以及侵蚀过程的机制机理,对提高实际生产流程的运作效率和经济性都提供了有力的理论支持,探究艾萨炉熔炼过程熔渣侵蚀特性及延长炉寿的应用研究对艾萨炉铜冶炼工艺的发展具有重要意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 ISA furnace copper smelting method is a top-blowing submerged bath smelting method,through the lance to the oxygen-rich air drum into the melt pool,so that the melt in the melt pool violently stirring,speed up the chemical reaction rate of the melt,using the heat generated by the oxidation of sulfur and iron in copper concentrates for smelting,in the copper smelting process has a wide range of applications practice.During the melting process of ISA furnace,the melt in the melt pool has been stirred by the oxygen-rich air drummed in,and the melt in the melt pool has been in a state of violent tumbling,which causes erosion of the melt to the furnace bricks of ISA furnace and serious loss of furnace bricks,resulting in a short furnace life of ISA furnace.Therefore,in the premise of meeting the production process,as far as possible to extend the service life of the furnace brick is currently the main technical issues of smelting enterprises.In this paper,through the combination of theory and practice,we study the erosion characteristics of the molten slag of ISA furnace on the refractory material of the furnace wall brick,analyze the main factors affecting the service life of the refractory material of ISA furnace lining,make corresponding technical research and research for these factors,and propose a solution to the problem of the life of ISA furnace.Experiments on the erosion of refractory bricks by slag show that hexavalent chromium compounds are produced after the copper slag erodes the magnesium-chromium brick refractory,forming 0.04% Ca Cr O4.The erosion rate of the copper slag on the magnesium-chromium brick decreases with increasing copper slag alkalinity,and as the alkalinity increases from 0.085 to 0.105,the erosion rate decreases from 0.129% to0.038%.After being eroded,the two magnesium-chromium bricks of RTZMGe-M8 and RTZMGe-M12 produced a lot of hexavalent chromium,and the anti-erosion ability of the two magnesium-chromium bricks of RTZMGe-M8 and RTZMGe-M12 was not as good as that of RTZMGe-M16.A reasonable increase of chromium content in the magnesium-chromium bricks can improve the anti-erosion performance of the refractory.Through specific production practice,the study found that the main factors affecting the furnace life of Isa furnace are furnace brick material and structure,slag type control and furnace wall hanging slag,furnace temperature control,fu rnace material composition.Improving the composition of incoming materials,controlling the content of impurities,and improving the stability of the material quantity are conducive to the stable control of furnace temperature at 1150-1180℃,slag type Si O2/Fe control at 0.88-0.90,temperature fluctuation within ±20℃,controlling the reasonable slag hanging thickness,reducing thermal stress and chemical erosion,and helping to improve the service life of furnace bricks.This study aims to extend the service life of ISA furnace bricks and improve the erosion resistance of ISA furnace furnace refractories.The study of the erosion characteristics of the ISA furnace melt to the ISA furnace body and the mechanism mechanism of the erosion process provide strong theoretical support for improving the operational efficiency and economy of the actual production process,and the study of the erosion characteristics of the molten slag of the ISA furnace smelting process and the application of the study to extend the furnace life is of great importance to the development of the ISA furnace copper smelting process.It is important for the development of copper smelting process in ISA furnace.更多还原