【作者】 任慧；

【导师】 陈广新；

【作者基本信息】 北京化工大学 ， 材料科学与工程， 2022， 硕士

【摘要】 超疏水是材料表面一种与众不同的润湿性能,水滴在超疏水表面上保持圆球状。多面体低聚倍半硅氧烷(POSS)作为一种具有优异的热稳定性、力学性能、低表面能和反应性的功能性纳米材料,在众多领域展现出与众不同的优势。我们以POSS作为制备超疏水材料的核心物质,通过简便的工艺制备出不同的“耐用”超疏水材料,并讨论了其功能性应用。论文工作主要包括以下内容:(1)以八丙基三甲氧基多面体低聚倍半硅氧烷(OT-POSS)和1H,1H,2H,2H-全氟辛基三甲氧基硅烷(FAS)作为单体,通过溶胶-凝胶法成功合成POSS-FAS复合纳米颗粒。通过调控OT-POSS与FAS的质量比,制备出不同的纳米颗粒,并分析其形成机理:OT-POSS间水解缩合形成硅核,FAS和OT-POSS水解单体进一步与其反应,形成纳米颗粒。将POSS基纳米颗粒作为涂料,采用喷涂法制备出超疏水表面,接触角最高为156.6°。超疏水表面经过热处理处理,疏水性能均进一步提高,展现出优异的非浸润性,接触角可达到165.4°,滚动角为0°。(2)以POSS基纳米颗粒(POSS-FAS)作为超疏水功能材料,聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)作为固定纳米颗粒的粘合剂,制备出POSSFAS/PDMS超疏水涂层。通过控制实验变量,优化PDMS的粘附和固定作用。由于PDMS的附着力,该涂层可以涂敷在不同的基底上(玻璃片、铝片、棉织物)。该涂层经过水流冲击或砂纸磨损后仍保持超疏水性,POSS也赋予涂层良好的耐酸碱性、耐紫外光性能。此外,该涂层具有自清洁性能、防污性能和增强浮力性能。(3)以棉织物作为基底,在其表面原位接枝γ-巯丙基三甲氧基硅烷(MPTTS)和环己基环氧基低聚倍半硅氧烷(G-POSS),通过优化实验条件,制备出接触角为144.9°的疏水棉织物。由于POSS以共价键的方式与棉织物结合,因此改性棉织物展出优异的耐久性,包括耐磨损性、耐洗涤性、耐酸碱性、耐有机溶剂性、耐紫外光性能。在油水分离实验中,改性棉织物展现高效的分离效率;此外,在恶劣条件下,改性棉织物仍保持优异的油水分离能力,有望在实际生活中作为一种可靠的分离过滤材料。更多还原

【Abstract】 Superhydrophobicity is a unique wetting property of the material surface,and the water droplets remain spherical on the super-hydrophobic surface.Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane(POSS),as a functional nanomaterial with excellent thermal stability,mechanical properties,low surface energy and reactivity,shows unique advantages in many fields.Using POSS as the core material for the preparation of superhydrophobic materials,different "durable" superhydrophobic materials were prepared by a simple process,and their functional applications were discussed.The work of this paper mainly includes the following contents:(1)Octapropyltrimethoxypolyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane(OTPOSS)and 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyltrimethoxysilane(FAS)were used as monomers,POSS-FAS composite nanoparticles were successfully synthesized by sol-gel method.By adjusting the mass ratio of OT-POSS and FAS,different nanoparticles were prepared,and their formation mechanism was analyzed: the hydrolysis and condensation between OTPOSS formed silicon core,and FAS and OT-POSS hydrolyzed monomers further reacted with it to form nanoparticles.Using POSS-based nanoparticles as coatings,a superhydrophobic surface was prepared by spraying method with a maximum contact angle of 156.6°.The superhydrophobic surface was ablated,and the hydrophobic properties were further improved,showing excellent non-wetting properties,with a contact angle of 165.4° and a rolling angle of 0°.(2)Using POSS-based nanoparticles(POSS-FAS)as superhydrophobic functional materials and polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)as binders for fixing nanoparticles,POSS-FAS/PDMS superhydrophobic coatings were prepared.The adhesion and fixation of PDMS were optimized by controlling the experimental variables.Due to the adhesion of PDMS,the coating can be applied to different substrates(glass,aluminum,cotton fabric).The coating remains super hydrophobic after water impact or sandpaper wear,and POSS also gives the coating good acid and alkali resistance and UV resistance.In addition,the coating has self-cleaning performance,antifouling performance and enhanced buoyancy performance.(3)The hydrophobic cotton fabric with contact angle of 144.9 °was prepared by in-situ grafting of γ-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane(MPTTS)and cyclohexyl epoxy oligomeric silsesquioxane(G-POSS)onto cotton fabric.Because POSS combines with cotton fabric by covalent bond,modified cotton fabric exhibits excellent durability,including wear resistance,washing resistance,acid and alkali resistance,organic solvent resistance and UV resistance.In the oil-water separation experiment,the modified cotton fabric shows high separation efficiency;in addition,under adverse conditions,the modified cotton fabric still maintains excellent oilwater separation ability,which is expected to be used as a reliable separation and filtration material in real life.更多还原