【作者】 王莉；

【导师】 张卫清；

【作者基本信息】 中国矿业大学 ， 资源与环境（专业学位）， 2022， 硕士

【摘要】 煤尘几乎伴随煤炭资源开采全过程,引起矽肺、煤工尘肺等职业健康问题、煤尘（瓦斯）爆炸等重大安全问题以及煤尘颗粒物污染环境问题。基于水溶液的喷雾降尘、煤层注水等湿式除尘技术是煤矿现场常用的技术措施,但煤尘润湿性差的本质导致各类湿式除尘技术降尘效果并不理想。针对此,本文重点研究离子液体[C₁₂MIm]Br对高阶煤煤尘润湿性的增强作用,并与传统表面活性剂复配,实现协同高效润湿高阶难润湿煤尘的目的。取得了以下主要研究成果:（1）分析了离子液体[C₁₂MIm]Br及三类表面活性剂DTAB、SDBS、AEO₉的表面活性特征,优选了单体润湿剂的复配浓度,并将离子液体[C₁₂MIm]Br与各类表面活性剂进行复配,对比分析了单体及复配润湿剂对高阶煤煤尘烟煤、无烟煤的润湿效果,得到润湿剂中DTAB-AEO₉复配溶液表面张力最小,为24.24m N/m;离子液体复配润湿剂中[C₁₂MIm]Br-SDBS复配溶液的表面张力最小,为37.40 m N/m。分析了高阶煤煤尘烟煤、无烟煤在单体及复配润湿剂中的沉降效果,得到高阶煤煤尘在离子液体[C₁₂MIm]Br-AEO₉复配体系中的沉降效果最佳,其中,无烟煤、烟煤分别在[C₁₂MIm]Br-AEO_9（CMC）、[C₁₂MIm]Br-AEO_9（15CMC）溶液中的沉降时间最短,分别为79 s和173 s。（2）分析了单体及复配润湿剂对高阶煤煤尘协同改性后煤尘润湿性能的变化规律,发现[C₁₂MIm]Br-SDBS溶液改性煤的润湿性优于其他单体及复配润湿剂改性煤,得到[C₁₂MIm]Br-SDBS改性煤在不同溶液中的沉降效果最佳。不同种类改性煤在[C₁₂MIm]Br-AEO_9（15CMC）溶液中的沉降效果优于去离子水及[C₁₂MIm]Br-AEO_9（CMC）溶液,得到了[C₁₂MIm]Br-SDBS溶液改性煤在[C₁₂MIm]Br-AEO_9（15CMC）溶液中协同润湿沉降效果最佳,确定了协同润湿作用下离子液体润湿剂的主要成分及配比方案。（3）基于紫外可见分光光度法和红外光谱法分析了离子液体及表面活性剂改性烟煤、无烟煤的微观结构变化,建立了离子液体及表面活性剂溶液浓度与其在改性煤表面上吸附浓度的对应关系,对比了离子液体[C₁₂MIm]Br及各类表面活性剂在煤尘表面的吸附能力强弱,分析得到了相应改性煤中醚键类官能团变化较明显及脂肪烃类官能团相对增加的变化规律,得到了离子液体润湿剂影响高阶煤煤尘润湿性的微观结构差异。该论文有图39幅,表22个,参考文献102篇。更多还原

【Abstract】 Coal dust almost accompanies the whole process of coal mining,causing occupational health problems such as silicosis and coal worker pneumoconiosis,major safety problems such as gas（coal dust）explosion,and environmental pollution by coal dust particles.Wet dust removal technologies such as spray dust reduction based on aqueous solution and coal seam water injection are commonly used technical measures in coal mines.In view of this,this thesis focuses on the enhancement of the wettability of high-rank coal dust by ionic liquid[C₁₂MIm]Br,and is compounded with traditional surfactants to achieve the purpose of synergistically efficiently wetting high-rank difficult-to-wet coal dust.The following main research results have been achieved:（1）The surface activity characteristics of ionic liquid[C₁₂MIm]Br and three types of surfactants DTAB,SDBS and AEO₉ were analyzed,the compound concentration of monomer wetting agent was optimized,and ionic liquid[C₁₂MIm]Br was combined with various surfactants.The surfactants were compounded,and the wetting effects of monomer and compound wetting agent on high-rank coal dust bituminous coal and anthracite were compared and analyzed.It was determined that the surface tension of the DTAB-AEO₉ compound solution in the wetting agent was the smallest,which was24.24 m N/m;the surface tension of the[C₁₂MIm]Br-SDBS compound solution in the ionic liquid wetting agent was the smallest,which was 37.40 m N/m.The experimental results of the settling of high-rank coal dust in monomer and compound solution were analyzed,and the research conclusion that the settling effect of high-rank coal dust in the ionic liquid[C₁₂MIm]Br-AEO₉ compound system was the best was summarized.Among them,anthracite and bituminous coal had the shortest settling time in[C₁₂MIm]Br-AEO_9（CMC）and[C₁₂MIm]Br-AEO_9（15CMC）solutions,which were 79 and173 s,respectively.（2）Through the experimental study on the settling of high-rank modified coal,the influence law of monomer and compound wetting agent on the wettability of high-rank coal dust after double modification is summarized.The wettability of the modified coal modified by[C₁₂MIm]Br-SDBS solution was analyzed,and the experimental results of the modified coal modified with other monomers and compound wetting agents were analyzed.The conclusion of the study on the best subsidence effect.The settling time of modified bituminous coal and anthracite in[C₁₂MIm]Br-AEO_9（CMC）solution was 6and 25 s,respectively;in[C₁₂MIm]Br-AEO_9（15CMC）solution,the settling time was 101and 25 s,respectively.The settling effect of different types of modified coals in[C₁₂MIm]Br-AEO_9（15CMC）solution is better than that in deionized water and[C₁₂MIm]Br-AEO_9（CMC）solution,and the[C₁₂MIm]Br-SDBS solution is summarized.The research conclusion of the best settling effect of the modified coal in the[C₁₂MIm]Br-AEO_9（15CMC）solution determines the main components and the best proportioning scheme of the new ionic liquid wetting agent under the action of double modification.（3）The microstructure changes of ionic liquid modified bituminous coal and anthracite were analyzed based on UV-visible spectrophotometry and infrared spectroscopy.The corresponding relationship between the concentration of ionic liquid[C₁₂MIm]Br solution and the adsorption concentration on the modified coal surface was established,and the research conclusion that the adsorption capacity of ionic liquid[C₁₂MIm]Br on the surface of coal dust was stronger than that of SDBS and AEO₉ was summarized.The obvious change of ether bond functional groups and the relative increase of aliphatic hydrocarbon functional groups in modified coal were analyzed,and the microstructure changes of ionic liquid wetting agent affecting the wettability of high-rank coal dust were obtained.The thesis has 39 figures,22 tables,and 102 references.更多还原