【作者】 张娟；

【导师】 龚大洁； 王飞；

【作者基本信息】 西北师范大学 ， 教育硕士（专业学位）， 2022， 硕士

【摘要】 实验教学是生物学教学的基础形式之一,也是生物学课程的基本特点,对学生核心素养的培养有着重要的作用。在生物学教学中,生物学实验的开设是生物学教学的需要,课程标准也对实验开设做出了明确的要求,但目前生物学实验开设的情况依然不容乐观。而微型实验操作简单、材料易得,可以有效改善实验开设率低下的问题。本研究以微型实验在高中生物学教学中的应用研究为主题,研究主要从以下几个方面展开:首先,利用文献法对研究背景做了简要梳理,对微型实验的研究现状做了概述,对微型实验和生物学微型实验做了概念界定,对杜威的“做中学”理论、STSE教育理论和施瓦布的科学探究策略等理论基础做了阐述。其次,通过访谈法对样本学校的部分教师进行访谈,调查了教师对微型实验的了解情况、实施情况和设计情况;再者,将人教版必修一教材分子与细胞中的实验进行筛选,并且按照一定的原则和流程重新设计;最后,在岷县某中学进行了实践,选取研究者执教的两个班级的学生作为实践研究对象,利用课堂观察法对学生在课堂上的表现、学生实验结果以及实验记录等进行观察,实践后通过案例分析法对实验设计作进一步分析,并利用问卷调查法和访谈法对学生的接受程度和实践结果进行了反馈,最终得出研究结论。经过研究,共得出以下几点结论:首先,学生能接受将微型实验应用于课堂教学中;其次,开展微型实验不但有利于学生的学习和生活,而且能够提升学生的学习兴趣,提高学生的实验技能,增强学生的实验自信,提升生物学的课堂教学效果,促进学生核心素养的培养。与此同时,微型实验的开展仍存在一些困难,所以开展微型实验需要选择合适的实验内容和方式,需要教师素养的提升和观念的转变,需要家长的配合和学校的支持。更多还原

【Abstract】 Experimental teaching is one of the basic forms of biology teaching,and it is also the basic feature of biology courses,which plays an important role in the cultivation of students’ core literacy.In biology teaching,the establishment of biological experiments is the need of biology teaching,and the curriculum standards also make clear requirements for the establishment of experiments,but the current situation of the establishment of biological experiments is still not optimistic.The micro-experiment is simple to operate and materials are easily available,which can effectively improve the problem of low experiment opening rate.The theme of this research is the application research of micro-experiment in high school biology teaching.The concepts of micro-experiment and biological micro-experiment are defined,and the theoretical basis of Dewey’s "learning by doing" theory,STSE education theory and Schwab’s scientific inquiry strategy are expounded.Secondly,some teachers of the sample schools were interviewed by the interview method to investigate the teachers’ understanding,implementation and design of micro-experiments;Redesign according to certain principles and procedures;finally,the practice was carried out in a middle school in Minxian County,and students from two classes taught by researchers were selected as the practical research objects.And the experimental records are observed.After the practice,the experimental design is further analyzed through the case analysis method,and the questionnaire survey method and the interview method are used to give feedback to the students’ acceptance and practice results,and finally draw the research conclusion.After research,the following conclusions are drawn: First,students can accept the application of micro-experiments in classroom teaching;Experimental skills,enhance students’ experimental confidence,improve the classroom teaching effect of biology,and promote the cultivation of students’ core literacy.At the same time,there are still some difficulties in the development of micro-experiments.Therefore,the development of micro-experiments requires the selection of appropriate experimental content and methods,the improvement of teachers’ literacy and the change of ideas,the cooperation of parents and the support of schools.更多还原