【作者】 刘阳；

【导师】 丁小斌；

【作者基本信息】 西北师范大学 ， 应用心理（专业学位）， 2022， 硕士

【摘要】 具身认知理论认为,自动模拟或模仿他人的情绪表达,由此产生的面部反馈,会影响个体对情绪的自动化加工。这种对情绪无意识的自动化加工,一般通过对刺激的类型和呈现方式的改变,来进行探查,然而观察者本身也会影响到对情绪变化的知觉。大部分研究将焦点仅关注于对面孔表情变化的感知,除了面孔之外,躯体也是情绪的重要载体,同样能够表达和传递的有意义的情绪,但是面部反馈对躯体表情变化自动化加工的影响还鲜有研究。非注意条件下的情绪自动化加工可以通过与视觉情绪相关的EMMN来研究。EMMN反应了对情绪变化的自动探测而诱发的不同ERP值,这种变化是由较少出现的偏差刺激和出现频率较多的标准刺激所引发的。躯体作为传达情绪信息的载体,包含仅躯体以及完整的面孔-躯体。鉴于此,本研究从具身认知视角下,以非注意条件下表情相关的EMMN为指标,采用仅躯体和完整的面孔-躯体的快乐和悲伤两种不同情绪刺激,探查面部反馈是否会影响躯体表情变化的自动化加工。研究一选取30名大学生作为被试,采用被动oddball范式,快乐或悲伤的仅躯体表情分别互为标准刺激及偏差刺激,实验时面部反馈由不同的操控条件(用牙齿、嘴唇或非惯用手控制筷子)调控,根据以往研究,选取三个时间窗口(分别为90–160 ms、160–220 ms和220–360 ms),考察面部肌肉的操控对仅躯体情绪变化自动化加工的影响。结果发现,第一时间窗口,牙齿控制筷子条件下,快乐-EMMN显著大于悲伤-EMMN,非惯用手和嘴唇控制筷子条件下,悲伤-EMMN大于快乐-EMMN;在第二、三时间窗口,非惯用手控制条件下,悲伤-EMMN大于快乐-EMMN,牙齿和嘴唇控制条件下,快乐-EMMN和悲伤-EMMN差异不显著。并且快乐-EMMN增加,而悲伤-EMMN减少。研究表明,面部反馈影响躯体表情变化的自动化加工,并且证实了躯体情绪的负性加工偏向。研究二选取30名大学生作为被试,采用被动oddball范式,快乐或悲伤的完整-面孔躯体表情分别互为标准刺激及偏差刺激,实验时面部反馈由不同的操控条件(用牙齿、嘴唇或非惯用手控制筷子)调控,选取三个连续的时间窗口(分别为90–160 ms、160–220 ms和220–360 ms)考察面部肌肉的操控对完整面孔-躯体情绪变化自动化加工的影响。结果发现,第一时间窗口,牙齿和非惯用手控制筷子条件下,快乐-EMMN显著大于悲伤-EMMN;在第二、三时间窗口,非惯用手控制条件下,快乐-EMMN大于悲伤-EMMN,并且快乐-EMMN减少,而悲伤-EMMN增加,与研究一结果相反。研究表明,面部反馈影响完整面孔-躯体表情变化的自动化加工。结果表明面部反馈影响完整面孔-躯体表情变化的自动化加工,并且完整的面孔-躯体情绪变化自动化加工机制与仅躯体情绪变化自动化加工呈现相反的趋势。综上所述,本研究发现,面部反馈会影响躯体情绪变化的自动化加工,且微笑肌肉的收缩对躯体情绪变化的影响更大;仅躯体情绪变化的自动化加工与完整面孔-躯体情绪变化自动化加工呈现相反的趋势。同时验证了躯体情绪变化自动化加工的特异性以及面孔-躯体整合加工的观点。更多还原

【Abstract】 As for the automatic processing of emotion change perception,it is generally detected by manipulating and controlling the perceptual conditions of stimulus.However,embodied cognition theory holds that the facial feedback generated by the automatic simulation or imitation of other people’s emotional expression can affect the automatic processing of emotions.Therefore,the perception of emotion is embodied,and the observer itself will also affect the perception of emotional changes.Most studies only focus on the perception of facial expression changes.In addition to faces,the body is also an important carrier of emotions and can also express and deliver meaningful emotions.However,there are few studies on the impact of facial feedback on the automatic processing of facial expression changes.The automatic processing of emotions under unattentional conditions can be studied by visual emotion-related EMMN.EMMN reflects the different ERP values induced by automatic detection of emotional changes,which are caused by less deviant stimuli and more frequent standard stimuli.As the carrier of emotional information,the body includes only the body and the whole face-body.Therefore,from the perspective of embodied cognition,we used emotion-related EMMN under non-attentional conditions as an indicator to explore whether facial feedback could affect the automatic processing of somatic expression changes by using somatic and facial-somatic stimuli of happiness and sadness.In the first study,30 college students were selected as subjects.The passive Oddball paradigm was adopted,in which happy and sad body-only expressions were used as standard stimuli and biased stimuli respectively.The facial feedback was regulated by different control conditions(chopsticks were controlled by teeth,lips or non-dominant hand).Three consecutive time Windows(90-160 ms,160-220 ms and 220-360 ms)were used to investigate the influence of facial muscle manipulation on the automatic processing of somatic emotional changes.The results showed that,in the first time window,the happy-EMMN was significantly greater than the sad-EMMN under the control of chopsticks with teeth,and the sad-EMMN was greater than the happy-EMMN under the control of chopsticks with non-dominant hand and lips.In the second and third time Windows,the sad-EMMN was greater than the happy-EMMN under non-dominant hand control,while the happy-EMMN and sad-EMMN were not significantly different under tooth and lip control.And the happy-EMMN increased and the sad-EMMN decreased.Studies have shown that facial feedback affects the automatic processing of somatic expression changes and confirms the negative processing bias of somatic emotion.In the second study,30 college students were selected as subjects,and the passive Oddball paradigm was adopted.The whole-facial body expression of happy or sad was used as standard stimulus and deviation stimulus respectively.The facial feedback was regulated by different manipulation conditions(chopsticks were controlled by teeth,lips or non-dominant hand).Three consecutive time Windows(90-160 ms,160-220 ms,and 220-360 ms)were used to investigate the effect of facial muscle manipulation on the automatic processing of full-face and somatic emotional changes.The results showed that the happy-EMMN was significantly greater than the sad-EMMN in the first time window when the chopsticks were controlled by teeth and non-dominant hand.In the second and third time Windows,the happy-EMMN was larger than the sad-EMMN,and the happy-EMMN decreased while the sad-EMMN increased under the non-dominant hand control condition,which was contrary to the results of study 1.Studies have shown that facial feedback affects the automatic processing of complete face-body expression changes.The results showed that the facial feedback affected the automatic processing of the whole face-body emotion change,and the automatic processing mechanism of the whole face-body emotion change showed an opposite trend to that of the automatic processing of the body emotion change.In conclusion,this study found that facial feedback can affect the automatic processing of somatic emotional changes,and the contraction of smile muscle has a greater impact on somatic emotional changes.Only the automatic processing of somatic emotion change showed an opposite trend to the automatic processing of intact face-somatic emotion change.At the same time,the specificity of automatic processing of somatic emotion changes and the viewpoint of face-body integration were verified.更多还原