【作者】 李艳玲；

【导师】 罗杰群；

【作者基本信息】 西北师范大学 ， 社会工作（专业学位）， 2022， 硕士

【摘要】 2020年我国脱贫攻坚战取得全面的胜利,为世界的减贫开发事业作出了巨大的贡献。但根据各地对于贫困人口脱贫后的情况调查统计可知,近200万现有已脱贫人口存在返贫风险。在后脱贫时代背景下,扶贫的重点问题则聚焦到如何保持现有脱贫成果的长效性及持续性,如何提升脱贫人口的抗风险能力,防止脱贫人口再返贫。社会工作最早是在开展救助救济、进行慈善帮助中萌芽并发展起来的,通过不断的完善,最终形成了专业的社会工作理念和体系。因此,社会工作与扶贫工作具有一定的同源性,社会工作在介入防返贫工作中具有一定作用和优势。目前,我国农村返贫风险家庭可分为三类:脱贫不稳定户、边缘易致贫户,突发严重困难户,统称为返贫风险重点监测对象。本文的研究对象为甘肃省X村的一个边缘易致贫户。首先,笔者采用访谈法、观察法、问卷法等调查方法对研究对象所在的X村的所有脱贫户进行了调查,调查结果显示:当前X村中存在返贫风险的人群主要有边缘易致贫户和突发严重困难户。边缘易致贫户风险主要是思想认知和自身发展能力不足,不知如何利用社会支持;其次是实务介入,在综合分析比对后,选取具有代表性的刘某一家作为案主,针对案主存在错误认知、疾病预防能力不足、就业技能不足等问题,以社会支持和优势视角理论为依托,制定服务计划,具体介入内容有:首先,转变案主错误认知,挖掘案主潜能优势;其次,培养健康意识,链接健康知识讲座和义诊等医疗资源;最后,链接就业和技能培训资源,拓展收入渠道;最终笔者通过过程评估和结果评估相结合的评估方式,检测个案工作介入农村返贫风险家庭是否取得一定成效,进而对整个研究进行总结与反思。研究结果显示,个案工作介入农村防止返贫工作行之有效,通过对案主认知、因病和因技能不足带来的返贫风险的介入,能够有效帮助案主提升自身能力,从而有效获取社会资源,帮助案主更有信心和动力面对未来的生活,实现脱贫成果进一步巩固拓展,降低返贫风险。但需要指出的是,笔者认为预防返贫工作是一个漫长且多维的过程,短期的个案工作作用有限,特别是对于思想认知极度贫乏的人口来说成效并不明显,没有立竿见影的效果。更多还原

【Abstract】 In 2020,China won an all-round victory in the battle against poverty and made great contributions to the cause of poverty reduction and development in the world.However,according to the survey and statistics on the situation of the poor people after they get rid of poverty,nearly 2 million people who have been lifted out of poverty are at risk of returning to poverty.In the context of the post poverty relief era,the key issues of poverty relief focus on how to maintain the long-term and sustainability of the existing poverty relief achievements,how to improve the anti risk ability of the poverty relief population and prevent the poverty relief population from returning to poverty again.Social work first sprouted and developed in the process of carrying out relief and charitable help.Through continuous improvement,it finally formed a professional social work concept and system.Therefore,social work and poverty alleviation have certain homology,and social work plays an irreplaceable role and advantage in the prevention and return to poverty.At present,China’s Rural Households at risk of returning to poverty can be divided into three categories: unstable households out of poverty,marginal households prone to poverty and households with sudden serious difficulties,which are collectively referred to as the key monitoring objects of returning to poverty risk.The research object of this paper is a marginal poor household in X village,Gansu Province.First of all,the author used interview,observation,questionnaire and other survey methods to investigate all the poverty-stricken households in village x where the research object is located.The survey results show that at present,the people at risk of returning to poverty in village x mainly include Marginal Poverty prone households and sudden serious difficulties.The risk of poverty caused by marginalization is mainly due to the lack of self-development ability and awareness,and I don’t know how to use social support;The second is practical intervention.After comprehensive analysis and comparison,the representative Liu family is selected as the case owner.In view of the problems of the case owner such as wrong cognition,insufficient disease prevention ability and insufficient employment skills,the service plan is formulated based on the theory of social support and advantage perspective.The specific intervention contents are as follows: first,change the case owner’s wrong cognition and tap the potential advantages of the case owner;Secondly,cultivate health awareness and link medical resources such as health knowledge lectures and free clinics;Finally,link employment and skill training resources and expand income channels;Finally,through the evaluation method of the combination of process evaluation and result evaluation,the author tests whether the case work involved in rural poverty return risk families has achieved certain results,and then summarizes and reflects on the whole research.The research results show that the intervention of case work in rural areas to prevent poverty return is effective.Through the intervention of the cognition of the case owner,the risk of poverty return caused by illness and lack of skills,it can effectively help the case owner improve his ability,enable the case owner to effectively obtain social resources through his ability improvement,help the case owner have more confidence and motivation to face the future life,realize the results of poverty eradication,further consolidate and expand,and reduce the risk of poverty return.However,it should be pointed out that the author believes that the prevention of returning to poverty is a long and comprehensive process,and the role of short-term case work is limited,especially for the population with extremely poor ideological cognition,the effect is not obvious,and there is no immediate effect.更多还原