【作者】 王欢；

【导师】 李宝刚；

【作者基本信息】 兰州大学 ， 马克思主义理论·马克思主义基本原理， 2022， 硕士

【摘要】 自由是什么,自由何以可能?始终是制约现代人类生存和发展的基本问题。如何突破人类的生存困境,何以实现个人自由,马克思给予了丰富且真知的回答:人只有在共同体中才可能有个人自由。马克思从“现实的个人”出发,将个人自由置于现实共同体场域思考人的自由问题,指明自由不是资本主义的“专利”,以私有制为基础的资本主义社会标榜的自由原则只是个人特权及个人任意。马克思立足于历史的、实践的观点,以共同体为切入点,批判与扬弃以往一切共同体形式的剥削性、抽象性、虚假性,毕生致力于建构真正的共同体以寻求无产者及每一个人的自由而全面发展。将自由的理想变成自由的现实成为马克思全部理论与实践的主题,是马克思一生的不懈追求。本文以人的自由何以可能为问题导向,以马克思诠释个人自由及共同体理念的经典文本为依据,深度分析马克思共同体思想与个人自由的理论内容、嬗变理路、真实主题、价值旨归及当代启示。马克思共同体思想具有深厚的理论源泉,在批判和借鉴德国古典哲学“自由共同体”、英国古典政治经济学“经济共同体”、空想社会主义者“未来共同体”过程中考究个人自由与社会和谐的辩证统一,逐渐形成完备的共同体思想。同时,马克思对个人自由与共同体的关系进行界定,表明个人自由与共同体相辅相成,缺一不可。立足“人化的社会”,指出个人自由在自然共同体、虚假共同体、真正共同体三种形式中的历史呈现,指明未来社会必将建构起以人的自由个性为价值目标的“真正共同体”,以此确证马克思共同体思想的真实主题和价值旨归。马克思基于考察人的自由何以可能而形成的共同体思想,为全人类实现真正的自由解放指明了发展方向,它不仅是马克思基于唯物史观对人类社会进程的历史性揭示,更是对人的自由全面发展的科学预判。不仅为新时代持续推进中国特色社会主义实践,建构中国式现代化道路夯实理论根基;更为建构“人类命运共同体”寻求全人类和谐共存提供可资借鉴的启发性思考;时刻彰显着新时代条件下追寻个人自由的路径指向。更多还原

【Abstract】 What is freedom and how is it possible? It has always been a basic problem restricting the survival and development of modern mankind.How to break through the plight of human existence and how to realize personal freedom,Marx gave a rich and true answer: people can have personal freedom only in the community.Starting from the “real individual”,Marx put individual freedom in the field of real community to think about human freedom,and pointed out that freedom is not the“patent” of capitalism,and the freedom principle advertised in capitalist society based on private ownership is only individual arbitrariness and individual privilege.Based on this,Marx based on the historical and practical point of view,took the community as the starting point,criticized and sublated the exploitative,abstract and false nature of all previous community forms,and devoted his whole life to building a real community in order to seek the freedom and liberation of the proletariat and everyone.Turning the ideal of freedom into the reality of freedom has become the theme of all Marx’s theory and practice,which is Marx’s unremitting pursuit all his life.Based on the classic text of Marx’s interpretation of individual freedom and community concept,this paper deeply analyzes the theoretical content,evolution,real theme,value purpose and Contemporary Enlightenment of Marx’s community thought and individual freedom.Marx’s community thought has a profound theoretical source.In the process of criticizing and drawing lessons from the “free community” of German classical philosophy,the “economic community” of British classical political economy and the “future community” of utopian socialism,it studies the dialectical unity of individual freedom and social harmony,and gradually forms a complete community thought.At the same time,Marx defined the relationship between individual freedom and community,indicating that individual freedom and community complement each other and are indispensable.Based on the “humanized society”,this paper points out the historical presentation of individual freedom in the three forms of natural community,false community and real community,and points out that the future society will build a “real community” with the free personality of people as the value goal,so as to confirm the real theme and value purpose of Marx’s community thought.Marx’s community thought based on investigating why human freedom is possible points out the development direction for all mankind to realize real freedom liberation.It is not only Marx’s historical revelation of human social development based on historical materialism,but also a scientific prediction of human free and all-round development.Not only to continuously promote the practice of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era,but also to lay a solid theoretical foundation for the construction of a Chinese people’s community;It also provides enlightening thinking for the construction of “human destiny community” and the pursuit of “harmonious coexistence” of all mankind;It always highlights the path direction of pursuing personal freedom under the conditions of the new era.更多还原