【作者】 张涛；

【导师】 邓小兵；

【作者基本信息】 兰州大学 ， 法律， 2022， 硕士

【摘要】 自杀是现代社会的普遍现象,除了个体的自我了断,自杀有时牵连到他人的参与行为。自杀参与行为一般包括教唆自杀行为和帮助自杀行为;相约自杀是自杀行为、教唆、帮助自杀行为的集合体。现代社会不处罚自杀者,但是对于自杀参与行为的科刑必要性,理论上有不同的观点。依照共犯从属性原理,对于自杀法律性质的不同评价,会影响到对自杀参与行为可罚性的评判。由于自杀行为所具有的特殊的法益侵害形态,以及对于自杀参与行为可罚性的争论,关于自杀的性质至今没有定论,理论上目前主要有自杀权利(合法)说、法外空间说(放任说)、违法性说三种观点。合理的结论为,自杀是具有构成要件符合性、法益侵害性,但没有可谴责性的行为。自杀参与行为通过介入自杀正犯行为促进了死亡结果的发生,因而具有违法性。司法实践一般认定自杀参与行为具有违法性,但自杀参与行为属于狭义的共犯行为,根据共犯从属性原理,其违法性的确立要以正犯行为的违法性为核心。离开了对自杀行为本身性质的认定,直接以刑法分则的规定评价教唆、帮助自杀行为就失去了刑法上的依据。我国刑法并没有类似日本等国刑法规定的教唆、帮助自杀的罪名,因此在我国讨论自杀的违法性问题就更为必要。对于自杀参与行为,我国司法适用通常以较轻的故意杀人罪定罪处罚,但司法判决说理部分往往绕过对自杀行为的评价,论证不尽完善;另外还存在着相同情节不同司法适用的情况。司法实践对于此类问题有共识的一面,也有模糊的一面,需要理论完善。有必要根据现实案例进行讨论。在共犯论视角下处理自杀参与行为,有利于统一自杀参与行为违法性的理论解释,可以为司法判决提供更加完善的理论依据;有利于完善判罚标准;同时,根据我国刑法关于从犯的规定可以完善处理自杀参与行为,做到罪刑适应,不必另设新罪;还可以方便处理其他自杀关联行为。为统一法律逻辑,规范法律适用,建议出台相关司法解释。理论上的分析具有完善性,但实际适用上可能存有局限性。更多还原

【Abstract】 Suicide is a common phenomenon in modern society.In addition to individual self-termination,suicide sometimes involves the participation of others.Suicide participation generally includes instigating suicide and helping suicide;Consensual suicide is a collection of suicidal behavior,instigating and helping suicidal behavior.Modern society does not punish suicides,but there are different views on the necessity of criminal punishability for suicidal participation.According to the principle of accomplice subordination,the different evaluation of the legal nature of suicide will affect the evaluation of the punishability of suicide participation.Due to the special form of infringement of legal interests of suicide and the debate on the punishability of suicide participation,there is no final conclusion on the nature of suicide.In theory,there are three viewpoints: Right(Legality)theory,Extrajudicial Space theory(Laissez-faire theory)and Illegality theory.The reasonable conclusion is that suicide is an act with compliance with the constituent elements and infringement of legal interests,but not condemnable.Suicide participation promotes the occurrence of death results by intervening in suicide behavior,so it is illegal.Judicial practice generally recognizes that suicide participation is illegal,but suicide participation is an accomplice in a narrow sense.According to the principle of accomplice subordination,the establishment of its illegality should take the illegality of the principal offender as the core.Without the identification of the nature of suicide itself,evaluating the accomplice of instigating and helping suicide directly according to the specific provisions of criminal law will lose the basis of the law.China’s criminal law does not stipulate the crime of instigating suicide and helping suicide like that of Japan and other countries,so it is more necessary to discuss the illegality of suicide in China.In Chinese judicial practice,suicide participation is usually convicted and punished as a relatively minor crime of intentional homicide,but the reasoning part of judicial decisions often bypasses the evaluation of suicide,and the argument is not perfect;In addition,there are different judicial applications under the same circumstances.Judicial practice has both consensus and ambiguity on such issues,which needs theoretical improvement.It is necessary to discuss according to real cases.Dealing with suicide participation behavior from the perspective of accomplice theory is conducive to unify the theoretical explanation of the illegality of suicide participation behavior,and can provide a more perfect theoretical basis for judicial judgment;It is conducive to improve the sentencing standard;At the same time,according to the provisions of China’s criminal law on accomplice,it is possible to improve the handling of suicide participation behavior,so as to adapt the crime to the punishment,and there is no need to set up a new crime;It is also convenient to deal with other suicide related behaviors.In order to unify the legal logic and standardize the application of law,it is suggested to issue relevant judicial interpretations.The theoretical analysis is perfect,but there may be limitations in practical application.更多还原