【作者】 刘春艳；

【导师】 阿拉腾图娅；

【作者基本信息】 内蒙古师范大学 ， 地理学， 2022， 硕士

【摘要】 近年来,在全球气候变化和人类活动的影响下区域景观格局发生很大变化。景观格局的变化及其影响因素成为研究的重点。荒漠草原作为草原区最干旱的类型,其脆弱的生态系统极容易被破坏,难以恢复。因此对荒漠草原景观格局进行研究,对生态系统的保护和管理具有十分重要的意义。通过1990—2019年的Landsat影像获取苏尼特右旗各景观类型数据,分析景观类型动态变化状况。采用网格技术手段定量分析研究区不同时期景观格局的时空分异规律。并选取社会经济、自然环境两个方面的要素,采用相关分析、多元线性回归分析等方法,对该研究区的景观格局变化影响因素进行分析。结果如下:(1)天然草地构成研究区的基质景观。1990—2005年,以天然草地景观与沙地、裸地、盐碱地景观相互转化为主,主要集中在中北部区域;2005—2019年,以天然草地景观与封育草地景观相互转化为主,主要发生在中部、东北部区域。(2)苏尼特右旗整体景观类型逐渐丰富,分布朝着均匀化发展,优势景观地位下降,破碎度增加,景观形状趋于复杂化,异质性增强。景观空间格局也发生了明显变化:中北部浑善达克沙地分布带2005年之前基质景观破碎化增大、景观结构不稳定。干燥剥蚀层状高平原区2005年以后区域景观形状向复杂化、空间结构向多样化发展,异质性增强。南部区域整体上多样性较低,但东南角边界地区因耕地景观不断被分割,破碎化程度增强。(3)景观类型的影响因素分析得出,政策实施直接推动各景观类型面积变化,天然草地、耕地、沙地景观面积减小。经济发展需求下社会经济要素刺激、推动各景观类型动态变化。国内生产总值增多,封育草地、人工草地、建设用地、道路景观增多。自然要素为景观类型动态变化提供背景环境,沙地、盐碱地、水域的波动性变化均会受到其影响。(4)景观格局的影响因素分析得出,自然因素中,干燥剥蚀层状高平原和波状高平原因平坦开阔而破碎度增加,景观多样性减少。沙地地貌优势度增加,形状复杂性降低。栗钙土、棕钙土各景观所占比例趋于均衡化。风沙土景观形状趋于简单化,空间异质性缩小。社会经济要素中,随着经济效益和投入水平的提高,草场围栏和道路增多,斑块被分割,使原生境破碎化;人口增多使景观破碎化,降低了景观间的连通性及景观形状的复杂程度。贫困人口改变原生态环境能力低,景观保持完整性,聚集度高。本研究的结果可为当地的自然资源保护、草地资源的利用与管理提参考依据,对有效保护和治理荒漠草原具有极其重要的生态意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent years,the regional landscape pattern has changed greatly under the influence of global climate change and human activities.The change of landscape pattern and its influencing factors became the focus of the research.Desert steppe is the most arid type of grassland,and its fragile ecosystem is easy to be destroyed and difficult to recover.Therefore,it is of great significance to study the landscape pattern of desert steppe for the protection and management of ecosystem.Through the Landsat images from 1990 to 2019,the data of various landscape types in Sonid Right Banner were obtained to analyze the dynamic changes of landscape types.The spatial-temporal differentiation of landscape pattern in different periods was quantitatively analyzed by means of grid technology.The factors influencing the change of landscape pattern in the study area were analyzed by using the methods of correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis.The results are as follows:(1)Natural grassland constitutes the matrix landscape of the study area.From 1990 to 2005,the natural grassland landscape was mainly transformed into the landscape of sandy land,bare land and saline alkali land,mainly concentrated in the north central region;From 2005 to 2019,the mutual transformation between natural grassland landscape and enclosed grassland landscape mainly occurred in the central and northeast regions.(2)The overall landscape types of Sonid Right Banner are gradually enriched,the distribution is developing towards uniformity,the dominant landscape status is declining,the fragmentation is increasing,the landscape shape tends to be complex,and the heterogeneity is enhanced.The landscape spatial pattern has also changed significantly: before 2005,the matrix landscape fragmentation increased and the landscape structure was unstable in the Hunshandak Sandy land distribution zone in the north central part.After 2005,the landscape shape of the dry denuded layered high plain has become more complex,the spatial structure has become more diversified,and the heterogeneity has increased.The diversity of the southern region is low on the whole,but the southeast corner border area is increasingly fragmented due to the continuous segmentation of cultivated land landscape.(3)The analysis of the influencing factors of landscape types shows that the implementation of the policy directly promotes the area change of each landscape type,and the landscape area of natural grassland,cultivated land and sandy land decreases.Under the demand of economic development,social and economic factors stimulate and promote the dynamic changes of various landscape types.The gross domestic product increased,and enclosed grassland,artificial grassland,construction land and road landscape increased.Natural elements provide the background environment for the dynamic change of landscape types,and the fluctuation of sandy land,saline alkali land and water area will be affected by them.(4)The analysis of the influencing factors of landscape pattern shows that among the natural factors,the dry denuded layered high plain and wavy high plain are flat and open,the fragmentation increases,and the landscape diversity decreases.The dominance of sandy landform increases and the shape complexity decreases.The proportion of chestnut soil and brown calcium soil tends to be balanced.The landscape shape of aeolian sandy soil tends to be simplified,and the spatial heterogeneity is reduced.In the socio-economic factors,with the improvement of economic benefit and investment level,grassland fences and roads increase,patches are divided,and the original habitat is fragmented;The increase of population makes the landscape fragmented,reducing the connectivity between landscapes and the complexity of landscape shape.Poor people have a low ability to change the original ecological environment,and the landscape remains intact with a high degree of aggregation.The results of this study can provide reference for the protection of local natural resources,the utilization and management of grassland resources,and have extremely important ecological significance for the effective protection and control of desert grassland.更多还原