【作者】 张曼；

【导师】 邓可卉；

【作者基本信息】 东华大学 ， 科学技术史， 2022， 硕士

【摘要】 昌邑印染业的起源得益于当地清末民初丝绸贸易的繁荣,于新中国成立后才开始规模化发展,虽起步较晚,但发展较快;虽历经曲折,但克服万难。尤其在片面强调重工业建设的“大跃进”时期,多家个体手工印染业户经营困难甚至关门歇业,昌邑印染业在新中国成立后迎来了第一个低谷期。尽管如此,凭借当地的丝织生产优势,许多私营染、炼商号仍努力经营,印染业规模由新中国成立初期的十几家商户发展至今已有上百家企业,并跻身于“中国印染名城”之列,在山东印染业占有重要地位。探究昌邑印染业的发展脉络及成功原因,对新中国山东印染工业史研究具有现实意义。本研究通过分析山东印染业的历史沿革以及建国初期国内纺织印染业的恢复情况,探究昌邑印染业的发展渊源,并得出地理位置优势、丝绸生产与贸易的相关产业背景以及当地经济建设要求是昌邑印染业兴起的主要原因。针对新中国成立以来的社会背景和市场情况,将昌邑印染业的发展分为四个阶段,即第一阶段为1949年-1956年,是私营商号崛起与集体合营初步探索时期;第二阶段为1957年-1966年,是大跃进与公社化运动的错误探索时期;第三阶段为1966年-1977年,是厂商变迁与机械化生产的曲折发展时期;第四阶段为1978年至今,是机械化与自动化生产的技术交流与开发时期。同时探究昌邑印染业在阶段性发展过程中生产方式和经营模式的变化,前者表现为手工印染与半机械、机械化印染之间的过渡;后者主要是国家经济体制指导下私营及公私合营模式的变革。以改革开放为节点研究昌邑印染业的转型内容,在设备革新和技术改造方面,由完全依赖国外进口转为国外引进与自主研发并存;在企业管理方面,逐渐由以往较为封闭的单纯生产型转变为开放的生产经营型,主要体现在积极配合市场调节、完善生产责任制以及主动解决质量难题等;在产业集群化发展方面,实现了由“分散办企业到集中办企业”再到“集中办产业”的转型;在生态治理方面,工业废水由简单处理排放转为开发生态处理系统,同时提高原料使用标准,实现资源的回收再利用。关于发展昌邑印染业带来的影响,笔者从三个层面进行讨论:根据设备产能和企业建设情况分析自昌邑印染业发展以来产量与规模的变化;根据企业职工规模、资产总值及对外贸易分析昌邑印染业对就业与经济的带动作用;根据印染生产过程中的废水排放问题分析其生态影响。总体而言,昌邑能够发展成“中国印染名城”,一方面是基于省内和当地丝织业生产贸易繁荣的产业背景;一方面在于突出产业优势和对产业转型机会的把握。与此同时,近年来昌邑部分中小型印染企业在产业集聚过程中也呈现出优势和不足,如何通过省内交流以及政府引导、企业学习等各方努力扬长避短,突出地方优势,仍是发展昌邑印染业需要关注的重要方面。更多还原

【Abstract】 The origin of Changyi printing and dyeing industry benefited from the prosperity of local silk trade in the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China.After the founding of New China,it began to develop in large scale.Although it started late,it developed rapidly.Although experienced twists and turns,but overcome difficulties.Especially in the “ Great Leap Forward ”period of unilateral emphasis on the construction of heavy industry,many individual handicraft printing and dyeing enterprises were difficult to operate and even closed down.Changyi printing and dyeing industry ushered in the first trough after the founding of New China.However,with the advantages of local silk production,many private dyeing and refining companies are still trying to operate.The scale of printing and dyeing industry has developed from more than a dozen merchants in the early years of the founding of New China to hundreds of enterprises,and has entered the ranks of ’ China ’ s famous printing and dyeing cities ’,which occupies an important position in Shandong printing and dyeing industry.Exploring the development context and successful reasons of Changyi printing and dyeing industry has practical significance for the study of the history of Shandong printing and dyeing industry in New China.By analyzing the historical evolution of Shandong ’s printing and dyeing industry and the recovery of domestic textile printing and dyeing industry in the early days of the founding of the People ’s Republic of China,this study explores the development origin of Changyi ’s printing and dyeing industry,and concludes that the geographical advantages,the relevant industrial background of silk production and trade,and the requirements of local economic construction are the main reasons for the rise of Changyi ’s printing and dyeing industry.In view of the social background and market situation since the founding of the People’s Republic of China,the development of Changyi printing and dyeing industry is divided into four stages.The first stage is 1949-1956,which is the initial exploration period of the rise of private merchants and collective cooperation.The second stage,1957-1966,is the wrong exploration period of the Great Leap Forward and Communization Movement.The third stage is from 1966 to1977,which is the tortuous development period of manufacturer change and mechanized production.The fourth stage is the period of technical exchange and development of mechanized and automated production since 1978.At the same time,the change of production mode and management mode of Changyi printing and dyeing industry in the process of stage development was explored.The former was the transition between manual printing and dyeing and semimechanical and mechanized printing and dyeing.The latter is mainly the reform of private and public-private partnership models under the guidance of the national economic system.With the reform and opening up as the node,the transformation content of Changyi ’ s printing and dyeing industry is studied.In terms of equipment innovation and technological transformation,the transformation from completely relying on foreign imports to foreign introduction and independent research and development coexists.In the aspect of enterprise management,it has gradually changed from a relatively closed production type to an open production and operation type,which is mainly reflected in actively cooperating with market regulation,improving the production responsibility system and actively solving quality problems.In terms of industrial cluster development,it has realized the transformation from ’ decentralized enterprises to centralized enterprises ’ and then to ’ centralized industries ’.In terms of ecological treatment,industrial wastewater is changed from simple treatment to development of ecological treatment system,and the use standard of raw materials is improved to realize the recovery and reuse of resources.On the impact of the development of Changyi printing and dyeing industry,the author discusses from three aspects : according to the equipment capacity and enterprise construction analysis since the development of Changyi printing and dyeing industry production and scale changes;according to the enterprise staff size,total assets and foreign trade analysis of changyi printing and dyeing industry on employment and economic leading role;according to the wastewater discharge problem in printing and dyeing production process,its ecological influence was analyzed.Overall,Changyi can develop into a ’ China printing and dyeing city ’,on the one hand is based on the province and local silk industry production and trade prosperity industry background,on the one hand is to highlight the industrial advantages and grasp the opportunity of industrial transformation.At the same time,in recent years,some small and medium-sized printing and dyeing enterprises in Changyi have also shown advantages and disadvantages in the process of industrial agglomeration.How to foster strengths and circumvent weaknesses through intra-provincial exchanges,government guidance,enterprise learning and other parties,and highlight local advantages are still the main issues that need to be paid attention to in the development of printing and dyeing industry in Changyi.更多还原