【作者】 张婕；

【导师】 董辉；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 教育经济与管理， 2022， 硕士

【摘要】 关于教育均衡发展以及教育公平的讨论中,我国义务教育阶段的择校问题一直受到广泛的关注,政府也对此采取了诸多政策与治理举措,但治理结果并不如人意,择校一直未能被有效地遏制。2019年6月23日,中共中央国务院发布《关于深化教育教学改革全面提高义务教育质量的意见》1(下文简称《意见》),提出对关键领域进行深化改革,就“完善招生考试制度”这一领域规定民办学校与公办学校同步招生,该政策要义被简称为“公民同招”。相比以往的择校治理措施,各级政府和教育部门积极响应中央“公民同招”政策。那么,“公民同招”政策下的择校格局如何?作为直接受政策影响的“持份者”——家长是如何看待“公民同招”政策的?家长在现行政策规则下又是如何采取择校行动的?其背后的行为逻辑是什么?“公民同招”政策治理择校问题的成效如何?基于以上问题,本研究聚焦于“家长择校”这一核心内容,采取了质性研究的取向,以布迪厄的实践理论为指导,对在上海市义务教育阶段经历“小升初”与“幼升小”择校的20名家长进行研究。通过搜集分析政策文件、深度访谈和原始资料编码,呈现了“公民同招”政策下家长择校的应然状态,并对家长关于该政策的认知及择校的实然状态进行归纳与分析,进而深挖家长择校的行为逻辑,并进一步思考“公民同招”政策的治理成效与局限。研究发现,家长对于该政策的理解与态度取向呈现分化的趋势,家长也各自发挥自身的博弈力量在政策规定的空间中采取不同的择校策略,“公民同招”政策下的家长择校图式因此呈现多样化。通过对家长个体层面的教育信念、家长所受圈群的影响以及与制度博弈的惯习三个层面的分析,深入理解了家长择校的行为逻辑。研究表明,“公民同招”政策改变了家长择校的方式,但并未削弱家长择校的倾向与惯性,结构性的政策仍给家长留有行动的空间。本研究基于以上发现,进一步分析和总结,思考择校问题中各方主体应尽但未尽之责。教育部门应当出台配套的措施,与“公民同招”政策有效衔接,并加大政策宣传和讲解,引导家长合理择校;研究表明“公民同招”政策能够缓解“择校热”,但未真正回应家长的择校需求,因此学校应当注重内涵建设与特色发展,提质增效以回应民众的教育诉求,从根源上治理择校;最后,家长也当树立正确的教育观念,根据孩子的实际情况理性择校,并调整对择校治理政策的态度和期望。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the discussion of balanced development of education and education equity,school choice in compulsory education in China has been widely concerned,and the government has taken many policies and governance measures,but the governance results are not satisfactory,and school choice has not been effectively contained.On June 23,2019,the CPC Central Committee issued the opinions on comprehensively improving the quality of compulsory education,calling for deepening the reform in key areas including improving the recruitment of students test system.It means that private schools and public schools must recruit students at the same time,and the policy meaning is referred as " Synchronous Enrollment of Public Schools and Private Schools".Compared with previous school selection governance measures,governments and education departments at all levels respond to the central government’s policy of " Synchronous Enrollment of Public Schools and Private Schools " positively.What is the characteristic of school choice under the policy of "citizen enrollment" ? As the "stakeholders" directly affected by the policy,what do parents think of the "one citizen enrollment" policy? How do parents take school choice actions under the existing policies and rules? What is the behavioral logic behind it? Can the policy of " Synchronous Enrollment of Public Schools and Private Schools " effectively solve the problem of school choice?Based on the above problems,this study focuses on the core content of "parents’ school choice",adopts the qualitative research orientation,takes Bourdieu’s practical theory as the guidance,and conducts a study on 20 parents who have experienced "school choice" in Shanghai compulsory education stage.Analysis by collecting policy files,depth interview,and raw data encoding,presented " Synchronous Enrollment of Public Schools and Private Schools " ought to be parents exercise choice under the condition,and the cognition to the parents about the policy and the choice of reality condition are summarized and analyzed,and then parents exercise choice behavior logic is dug,with further thinking "citizens to take" policy governance effect and limitations.The study found that parents’ understanding and attitude toward the policy showed a trend of differentiation,and parents also played their own game power to adopt different school selection strategies in the space stipulated by the policy.Therefore,the school selection charts of parents under the " Synchronous Enrollment of Public Schools and Private Schools " also showed diversity.Through the analysis of parents’ individual educational belief,the influence of parents’ circle and the habit of playing game with the system,the behavioral logic of parents’ school choice is deeply understood.The research shows that the policy has changed the way parents choose schools,but has not weakened the tendency and inertia of parents choosing schools,and the structural policy still leaves space for parents to act.Based on the above findings,this study further analyzes and summarizes the responsibilities that should be fulfilled but not fulfilled by all parties in school choice.The education department should introduce supporting measures to effectively connect with the policy of " Synchronous Enrollment of Public Schools and Private Schools ",and increase the publicity and explanation of the policy to guide parents to choose schools rationally.The research shows that the policy of " Synchronous Enrollment of Public Schools and Private Schools " is difficult to effectively alleviate parents’ demand for school choice.Therefore,schools should pay attention to connotation construction and characteristic development,improve quality and efficiency to respond to people’s educational demands,and govern school choice from the root.Finally,parents should establish correct educational concepts,choose schools rationally according to their children’s actual situation,and adjust their attitudes and expectations towards school choice governance policies.更多还原