【作者】 刘璐；

【导师】 董红；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 法律（法学）， 2022， 硕士

【副题名】基于陕西省2020-2021年行政裁判文书

【摘要】 随着我国社会主义现代化建设进入新时代,现代化城市建设也提上日程,“十四五”规划中以新基建描绘了现代化城市建设的宏伟蓝图。其中,以土地作为支撑的现代化城市,必然导致有关土地征收纠纷仍然会长期存在,而土地作为集体和个人赖以生存的命脉,又对稳定和谐团结的社会局面具有重要意义。作为土地改革的阶段性成果,《土地管理法》(2019)切中时弊,为指导土地征收实践作出了较多努力,但在适用过程中也仍存在诸多司法困境,不利于土地征收纠纷的解决。本文首先立足于新法修订后的土地征收实践,以实证研究视角对陕西省2020-2021年有关行政裁判文书进行分析,从时间、地域、审级、争议以及裁判情况对土地征收纠纷司法受案特点进行总结归纳,发现土地征收案件具有年度数量不稳定、地区分布不均衡、二审启动比率大、补偿纠纷比例高以及行政违法情形多的特点,同时从法律适用、争议焦点及裁判结果三个方面对土地征收纠纷司法裁判情况进行探析,发现土地征收纠纷涉及利益面广因而司法裁判所依据的法律依据也较多,案件争议焦点则主要集中在原被告是否适格、土地征收决定是否合法、土地征收补偿行为是否有效以及其他行政行为是否合法四个方面,从裁判结果来看行政主体因行政行为违法而败诉的情况较多且多数未被判决采取补救措施。土地征收纠纷司法裁判现状反映了其存在的诸多困境,从土地征收三大基本要件“公共利益、征收补偿、正当程序”出发,发现由于土地征收缺乏司法审查依据、审查权限以及审查标准,导致实践中存在公共利益审查标准不清、征收补偿司法审查依据不明、征收程序司法监督权限不足以及违法行为司法制裁作用不显的现实困境。要化解司法裁判困境,就应当从明晰公共利益司法审查标准、明确征收补偿司法审查依据、加强征收程序司法监督权限以及凸显违法行为司法制裁作用四个方面进行努力。土地征收纠纷由来已久,任何一个纠纷的化解也都不是一蹴而就的,不仅需要立法进行制度的变革,同时需要司法进行密切的配合,充分发挥司法监督救济、定纷止争的作用。以司法实证研究视角对土地征收纠纷案件进行探析,研究新法适用过程中的司法裁判困境,为更好化解土地征收纠纷提供出路建议,以期为我国农村集体土地征收法律制度的完善提供裨益。更多还原

【Abstract】 As China’s socialist modernization construction enters a new era,the construction of modern cities is also on the agenda,and the "14th Five-Year Plan" depicts a grand blueprint for the construction of modern cities with new infrastructure.Among them,the modern city supported by land will inevitably lead to the long-term existence of land expropriation disputes,and land as the lifeblood of collective and individual survival is of great significance to the stable,harmonious and united social situation.As a phased achievement of land reform,the Land Administration Law(2019)is to the point and has made more efforts to guide the practice of land expropriation,but there are still many judicial difficulties in the application process,which is not conducive to the settlement of land expropriation disputes.This paper first bases itself on the practice of land expropriation after the revision of the new law,analyzes the relevant administrative adjudication documents in Shaanxi Province from the perspective of empirical research,summarizes and summarizes the judicial acceptance of land expropriation disputes from the perspective of empirical research,and summarizes the characteristics of judicial acceptance of land expropriation disputes from the perspective of time,region,trial level,dispute and adjudication situation,and finds that land expropriation cases have the characteristics of unstable annual number,uneven regional distribution,large probability of starting second-instance trial,high proportion of compensation disputes and many administrative violations,and at the same time,from the application of law,The focus of the dispute and the results of the judgment analyzed the judicial adjudication of land expropriation disputes,and found that land expropriation disputes involved a wide range of interests,so the legal basis on which judicial rulings were based was also more,and the focus of disputes in the case was mainly focused on whether the original defendant was qualified,whether the land expropriation decision was legal,whether the land expropriation compensation act was effective and whether other administrative acts were legal,and from the judgment results,there were more cases in which administrative subjects lost lawsuits due to illegal administrative acts and most of them were not judged to take remedial measures.Starting from the three basic elements of land expropriation,"public interest,expropriation compensation,and due process",it is found that due to the lack of judicial review basis,review authority and review standards for land expropriation,there are practical dilemmas in practice that the public interest review standards are unclear,the basis for judicial review of expropriation compensation is unclear,the judicial supervision authority of expropriation procedures is insufficient,and the role of judicial sanctions for illegal acts is not obvious.In order to resolve the dilemma of judicial adjudication,efforts should be made from four aspects: clarifying the standards for judicial review of the public interest,clarifying the basis for judicial review of expropriation compensation,strengthening the judicial supervision authority of expropriation procedures,and highlighting the role of judicial sanctions for illegal acts.Land expropriation disputes have a long history,and the resolution of any dispute is not achieved overnight,which not only requires legislation to carry out institutional changes,but also requires close cooperation from the judiciary,giving full play to the role of judicial supervision and relief,and settling disputes and disputes.From the perspective of judicial empirical research,the land expropriation dispute cases are analyzed,the judicial adjudication dilemmas in the application of the new law are studied,and suggestions for a better way out of land expropriation disputes are provided,with a view to providing benefits for the improvement of the legal system of rural collective land expropriation in China.更多还原