【作者】 刘伟；

【导师】 刘思培；

【作者基本信息】 江苏大学 ， 法律（非法学）（专业学位）， 2022， 硕士

【摘要】 《民法典》将公司决议行为归入民事法律行为范畴,学界的主流观点亦认为决议行为应该按照民法范式构建其效力类型,直至《公司法司法解释(四)》在决议瑕疵类型“二分法”的基础上,明确了“决议不成立”的效力类型,瑕疵决议“三分法”法律效力评价框架得以确立。规范公司治理是决议瑕疵制度的设置目的,公司作为数量庞大商事主体,决议效力纠纷在司法实践中高频发生,在近年来诉讼量呈明显上升趋势,且上诉率偏高。从法的实施角度来看,由于决议行为与一般民事法律行为内在的法理基础与构造有显著不同,现有的决议瑕疵救济制度在民法范式下构建的瑕疵效力评价模式目前仍存在诸多不足之处,指导价值有相当的局限性,无法高效妥善解决决议纠纷、发挥法的指导价值缓解决议纠纷频发的现状。实践的困境与立法的缺憾不无关联,首先在制度设计上,存在立法范式对决议行为的组织法特性考量不足、法律条文规范过于抽象模糊、在决议瑕疵救济方式上安排较为单一等问题,其次,纵观决议之诉司法实践亦面临诸多困境,如在原告资格认定存在实体与程序的双重障碍、决议瑕疵与意思表示瑕疵规则的对接适用问题、裁量驳回制度适用问题都亟待解决。因此,公司决议瑕疵救济制度的研究应在经济社会深度发展、商事实践形式不断创新的背景之下更加深入。对决议及其救济制度的研究可立足于决议行为的基础理论,结合实务对现有制度的适用情况分析制度的缺憾以及目前司法实践所遇困境的症结所在,并从诉讼救济与非诉讼救济两个角度提出制度完善的建议,力求在把握股东权利保障、公司自治与司法干预的平衡的基础上,推动制度的体系化构建,使公司决议行为及其救济制度更符合程序正当、实体公正、自由自治等基本法律价值,以实现该制度保障股东权益和商事主体高效运转的多重价值目标的平衡。更多还原

【Abstract】 The civil code of the company resolution behavior into the category of civil law,the academic mainstream also think resolution behavior should be constructed according to the civil law paradigm,until the company law judicial interpretation(4)in the resolution defect type "dichotomy",on the basis of the "resolution" effect type,defective resolution "three points" legal effect evaluation framework was established.Standardizing corporate governance is the purpose of setting the resolution defect system.As a large number of commercial subjects,disputes over resolution effectiveness occur frequently in judicial practice.In recent years,the number of litigation has shown an obvious upward trend,and the appeal rate is high.From the point of view of the implementation of the law,because the resolution and general civil legal behavior internal legal basis and structure is significantly different,the existing resolution defects remedy system under the paradigm of civil law flaw effectiveness evaluation mode still has many shortcomings,guiding value has quite limitations,cannot effectively solve the resolution disputes,play the law to alleviate the guiding value of frequent resolution disputes.Practice dilemma and the shortcomings of legislation,first in system design,there is a legislative paradigm of resolution behavior organization law characteristics,legal provisions too abstract fuzzy,on the resolution defects relief arrangement is relatively single,second,throughout the resolution of the judicial practice also faces many difficulties,such as in the plaintiff qualification entity and procedure,resolution defects and meaning docking defective rules,discretion rejected system application problems need to be solved.Therefore,the research of the relief system of the company’s resolution defects should be further deepened under the background of deep economic and social development and continuous innovation of commercial practice forms.The study of the resolution and its relief system can be based on the basic theory of the resolution behavior,Combined with the application of the existing system,analyze the shortcomings of the system and the crux of the difficulties encountered in the current judicial practice,And from the perspective of litigation relief and non-litigation relief,On the basis of grasping the balance between the protection of shareholders’ rights,corporate autonomy and judicial intervention,Promote the systematic construction of institutions,Make the company’s resolution behavior and its relief system more in line with the basic legal value of proper process,substantive justice and freedom and autonomy,In order to achieve the balance between the system to protect the rights and interests of shareholders and the efficient operation of commercial subjects.更多还原