【作者】 张浩；

【导师】 熊文；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 体育硕士（专业学位）， 2022， 硕士

【摘要】 2021年4月19日,教育部印发的《关于进一步加强中小学生体质健康管理工作的通知》明确了体育家庭作业制度,“体育家庭作业”一词冲上热搜,成为体育教育乃至学校教育领域的热议话题。然而,体育家庭作业作为时下的一个新生概念,其基本理论和具体实践还处于摸索前进的阶段,相关深入、系统的研究也较为少见。同时,体育家庭作业作为新时代我国学校体育改革推进的重要一环,对其内涵、价值、分类与特征等理论问题以及实践困境进行梳理,就显得尤为必要。因此,本研究从体育家庭作业的当代内涵入手,以体育家庭作业的基本理论为依托,通过体育教师、学生、家长三方视角调查体育家庭作业的实施现状,考虑体育家庭作业的布置、完成、评价等多个维度,综合运用文献资料法、问卷调查法、访谈法、比较研究法和逻辑分析法对义务教育阶段体育家庭作业实施的理论与实践两个方面进行研究,得出以下结论:(1)体育家庭作业的内涵应凸显健康追求及减负初衷,且在不同学科理论视角下体育家庭作业有不同价值。1)纵向考察下,在不同学校体育思想的历史演进路程中及对应时代背景下,体育家庭作业都与学生体质健康有着不同程度的关联。2)横向对比中,体育家庭作业相较于其他学科家庭作业来说,在发展取向、所需条件、结果评判以及各自相关属性上都有所不同,且健身、娱乐属性尤为凸显。3)不同学科理论视角下,体育家庭作业具备教育学、训练学和社会学价值。(2)体育家庭作业具有三大特征,并可从五个维度予以划分。1)其三大特征:作业内容具备多样性、趣味性和综合性;作业过程具备计划性、灵活性和重复性;作业效果具备健身性、滞后性和难测性。2)体育家庭作业从五个维度加以划分,分别是:户外类和户内类;常规类和假期类;单人类和多人类;徒手类和持器械类;身体活动类和体育知识类。(3)体育家庭作业的实施困境可分别从体育教师、学生和家长的视角予以洞悉。1)体育教师的窘蹙为:受限于不同地区、学校、学生及教师自身认识差异,教师面临繁多复杂的作业内容难以做出恰当抉择,且没有具体可供参考的选择依据;无法完全保证学生的真实完成情况;作业评价方式单一、没有评价标准。2)学生面临的困迫有:完成体育家庭作业的内部动因不强;作业内容的难度不相匹配、运动资源匮乏、安排不合时宜;安全措施和专业指导方面保障不足。3)家长的顾虑是:对体育家庭作业抱有怀疑态度;碍于自身经济能力以及体育运动能力不足,难以较好陪同学生完成作业;受于工作限制,致使时间上的冲突和精力上的不足。(4)针对体育家庭作业的理论与实践问题,提出体育家庭作业的实施原则和对策。1)体育家庭作业的实施原则有:针对性、差异性、发展性、科学性、安全性和趣味性原则。2)体育家庭作业的实施对策为:深化作业理论研究、提高体育教师能力、营造作业实施环境、打造体科技融合机制。更多还原

【Abstract】 On April 19,2021,the Ministry of Education issued the Notice on Further Strengthening the Physical Health Management of Primary and Secondary School Students,which clarified the PE homework system.The word "PE homework" became a hot topic in the field of physical education and even school education.However,sports homework as a new concept,its basic theory and practice is still in the stage of groping forward,related in-depth and systematic research is relatively rare.At the same time,as an important part of China’s school sports reform in the new era,it is particularly necessary to sort out its connotation,value,classification and characteristics and other theoretical problems as well as practical difficulties.Therefore,this study starts from the contemporary connotation of sports homework,relies on the basic theory of sports homework,investigates the implementation status of sports homework from the perspective of PE teachers,students and parents,and considers the layout,completion,evaluation and other dimensions of sports homework.Comprehensive use of literature method,questionnaire survey method,interview method,comparative research method and logical analysis method to study the theory and practice of PE homework implementation in compulsory education stage,the following conclusions are drawn:(1)The connotation of PE homework should highlight the pursuit of health and the original intention of reducing burden,and PE homework has different values from the theoretical perspective of different disciplines.1)Longitudinal investigation shows that PE homework is related to students’ physical health to varying degrees in the historical evolution of PE thoughts in different schools and in the corresponding historical background.2)In the horizontal comparison,compared with homework of other subjects,PE homework is different in terms of development orientation,required conditions,result evaluation and related attributes,and fitness and entertainment attributes are particularly prominent.3)From the theoretical perspective of different disciplines,PE homework has value of pedagogy,training and sociology.(2)Sports homework has three characteristics,and can be divided from five dimensions.1)Its three main characteristics: the content of homework is diverse,interesting and comprehensive;The operation process is planned,flexible and repetitive;The effect of homework has fitness,lag and unpredictability.2)PE homework is divided from five dimensions,which are outdoor and indoor;Regular and vacation categories;Single and multiple humans;Bare hands and instruments;Physical activity and sports knowledge.(3)The difficulties of PE homework implementation can be understood from the perspectives of PE teachers,students and parents.1)Embarrassment of PE teachers:limited by the differences in understanding between different regions,schools,students and teachers themselves,teachers are faced with a variety of complex homework content and it is difficult to make appropriate choices,and there is no specific reference for selection basis;Unable to fully guarantee the true completion of students;Homework evaluation method is single and there is no evaluation standard.2)Students are faced with the following difficulties: lack of internal motivation to complete PE homework;The difficulty of homework content is not matched,the lack of sports resources,the arrangement is not appropriate;Inadequate security measures and professional guidance.3)Parents’ concerns are: they are suspicious of PE homework;Due to lack of financial ability and sports ability,it is difficult to accompany students to complete homework;Due to work constraints,resulting in time conflicts and lack of energy.(4)In view of the theoretical and practical problems of PE homework,put forward the implementation principles and countermeasures of PE homework.1)The implementation principles of sports homework include: pertinence,difference,development,science,safety and fun.2)The implementation countermeasures of PE homework are: deepening the theoretical research of PE homework,improving the ability of PE teachers,creating an environment for the implementation of PE homework,and creating a mechanism for the integration of physical science and technology.更多还原