【作者】 杜鹃；

【导师】 张晓雪；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 翻译硕士（专业学位）， 2022， 硕士

【摘要】 本次翻译实践文本为四篇新冠疫情相关的医学论文,选自《新英格兰医学杂志》和《美国国家癌症研究所杂志》。医学类文本具有逻辑连贯严密,表达精准简练的特点。这些特点在实践文本里具体表现为词汇、名词化短语和长难句。本报告以奈达的逆转换理论为基础,对以上三个难点进行分析。逆转换理论认为,翻译是一个表层结构和深层结构相互转换的过程,分为分析-转换-重组三个阶段,即析出源语核心句,转换为目的语核心句,再重组为目的语表层结构。在逆转换理论框架的指导下,本报告发现:1)处理词汇时,通过逆转换分析具体语境中的词语含义,并通过增译或省译确定合适的词语搭配;2)处理名词化短语时,通过逆转换显化短语内在联系,运用词性转换法和化词为句法重组成词组或句子,必要时进行增译。3)处理长难句时,通过逆转换明晰逻辑,运用顺译法、逆译法和分译法调整句子结构,结合增译、省译、成分转换、语态转换等翻译方法重组句子。综上,逆转换理论能帮助译者理清逻辑,增强译者语义理解,避免欧化汉语。更多还原

【Abstract】 The source text of the practice is a selection of four COVID-19-related medical articles from The New England Journal of Medicine and Journal of the National Cancer Institute.Medical texts embody the features of logicality,coherence,accuracy and conciseness,which are manifested in the vocabulary,phrasal nominalization as well as long and complex sentences of the source text.In reference to Nida’s back-transformation theory,this report analyzes the above three aspects which pose challenges to translation.According to the theory,translation is a process of mutual conversion of the surface structure and the deep structure,which can be divided into three stages:analysis,transfer,and restructuring,namely,extracting the kernels of the source language,then transferring them into the kernels of the target language,and finally restructuring them into the surface structure of the target language.Under the guidance of the back-transformation theory,this report finds that:1)for the vocabulary,the meaning of words in the specific context is analyzed by back-transformation,and the appropriate word collocation can be determined by means of amplification and omission;2)for phrasal nominalization,the intrinsic connection of the phrases is made explicit by back-transformation,and the conversion of part-of-speech,transformation of words into sentences,and amplification are possible methods to restructure phrases or sentences;3)for long and complex sentences,clarify the logic by back-transformation first,then adjust the sentence structure by liner translation,reverse translation or division,and finally restructure the sentence with methods of amplification,omission,conversion of sentence elements or voice etc.In conclusion,back-transformation theory can help translators enhance comprehension,clarify logic and avoid Europeanized Chinese.更多还原