【作者】 王瑞；

【导师】 何刚；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 外国语言学及应用语言学， 2022， 硕士

【摘要】 新浪微博平台上的明星访谈作为一种特殊的访谈形式,是随数字媒体发展节目录制形式和传播途径发生演变的一种电视访谈,其本质是娱乐记者与明星围绕大众关注的娱乐新闻或明星新近作品进行问答对话,通常发生在特定录制情境下,有预先设计好的采访提纲和采访目的。明星访谈因其简洁、趣味且丰富的娱乐信息等特点而备受追捧,体现出了大众对于公众人物的窥视心理。受到访谈时长限制,避免冗长枯燥使观众失去兴趣,娱乐记者会在访谈过程中压缩或者省略已知的信息,并在尽可能短时间内传达更多的信息,其所用语言的特点与语用预设的功能具有高度相似性。德国哲学家Gottlob Frege在1892年首次提出“预设”概念。在20世纪70年代Stalnaker首次使用“语用预设”一词之后,许多学者对于语用预设理论进行了深入的探索和研究。“语用预设”一词主要涉及说话者与其话语假设之间的关系。Keenan提出语用预设是说话者与句子在语境中的适宜性之间的关系,语用预设主要涉及说话者之间的关系以及他们在话语中如何使用语言。本文以新浪微博平台两大文娱账号@新浪娱乐和@人民文娱发布的明星采访视频作为语料,以语用预设的特点、分类和预设触发机制为分析框架,结合采访语料的语言使用特点,试图通过对明星访谈问话的分析解决以下两个问题:(1)明星访谈问话中为何使用语用预设且如何使用?(2)明星访谈问话中语用预设包含哪些语境信息?本研究发现,由于语用预设所具备的适切性、共知性、命题态度和可取消性的特点,明星访谈问话在应用了语用预设后更简洁连贯,帮助采访记者向明星和观众高效传达娱乐信息。明星采访问话共使用了七种语用预设:存在预设,事实预设,状态预设,信念预设,行为预设,非事实预设及反事实预设。访谈问话的语用预设主要包含三类语境信息:首先是对明星的称谓方式,包括使用第二人称代词、省略人称代词和提及第三者;其次是身份信息的传达,采访记者在问话中提及了明星身份、作品相关身份及他人评价的身份;第三类是当今娱乐时代的文化预设,包括追星文化、斜杠青年精神和积极的职业观。本研究将语用预设理论应用于明星访谈问话的分析,拓展了明星访谈的研究视角,也对娱乐访谈领域内采访记者及明星带来启示。更多还原

【Abstract】 Celebrity interviews on Sina Weibo are a specific type of interview that evolved from television interviews with the development of online media in the recording and broadcast of programs.Its essence is the exchange of information on entertainment news events or the latest works of celebrities between entertainment journalists and celebrities in a specific recording situation,with a pre-planned interview outline and purposes.Celebrity interviews have got a lot of attention because of their concise and intriguing qualities,as well as the abundance of entertainment information they provide,which represents the public’s peering mentality toward public figures.Due to time limits,entertainment journalists commonly compress or omit known information in interview questions to avoid losing the audience’s attention due to the lengthy and exhausting procedure and to obtain more information in a relatively short period of time.The pragmatic presupposition is surprisingly comparable to the properties of the language used in celebrity interview questions.In 1892,German philosopher Gottlob Frege proposed the concept of presupposition for the first time.Many researchers subsequently examined and studied the theory of pragmatic presupposition after Stalnaker initially introduced the term pragmatic presupposition in the 1970 s.The pragmatic presupposition,as defined by Keenan,is the relationship between the speaker and the appropriateness of the context,and it is primarily concerned with the interaction between speakers and how language is used in discourse.To explain the application of pragmatic presupposition,celebrity interview videos released by two big entertainment users @Sina Entertainment and @People’s Entertainment are collected as the corpus.Based on theoretical classification and presupposition triggers from previous researches and the unique features of interview corpus,this thesis aims to answer the following two questions through the study of celebrity interviews:(1)Why are pragmatic presuppositions used in celebrity interview questions and how?(2)What contextual information does the pragmatic presupposition contain in celebrity interview questions?Because of its characteristics of appropriateness,mutual knowledge,propositional attitude,and cancelability,the application of pragmatic presupposition in interview questions makes celebrity interviews more efficient,informative,and coherent,which helps entertainment journalists productively convey more entertainment information to celebrities and audiences.Existential presupposition,factive presupposition,state presupposition,belief presupposition,behavior presupposition,non-factual presupposition and counterfactual presupposition are the seven forms of pragmatic presupposition found in celebrity interview questions.The pragmatic presupposition of interview questions mainly contains three kinds of contextual information: firstly,the way of addressing celebrities,including using the second person pronoun,omitting the personal pronoun and mentioning the third person;secondly,the transmission of identity information,the interviewers mention multiple identities of the celebrities: celebrities themselves,identities related to works and identities evaluated by others;the third category is the cultural presupposition for entertainment culture in current era,including star-chasing culture,“slash youth”spirit and positive view of career outlook.This thesis applies the theory of pragmatic presupposition to analyze questions in celebrity interviews,which helps extend the perspective of entertainment interviews and brings enlightenment to entertainment journalists and celebrities.更多还原