【作者】 曹亮；

【导师】 陈益凯；

【作者基本信息】 电子科技大学 ， 工程硕士（专业学位）， 2022， 硕士

【摘要】 随着移动通信系统进入5G时代,对于移动通信的通信容量与通信速度提出了更高的要求,这就需要整个移动通信系统各个层面上持续的发展与创新。其中对基站天线而言,很明显可以发现,人们对移动通信系统日益增长的信道容量和高速通信的需求,与现实上需要天线占用的空间小且成本低之间的矛盾。为了解决问题,双极化高密度MIMO基站天线成为首选,因为首先大规模MIMO天线可以解决信道容量不足的问题,其次更小的天线单元与更紧凑的天线布局可以满足空间小成本低的要求。针对现代通信系统对于基站天线的需求,本学位论文主要围绕高密度基站天线去耦合技术进行研究,探索与设计更加实用电尺寸更小的基站天线,研究在更加紧密的基站天线阵列中的耦合情况,并提出一种在复杂的电磁环境中高密度MIMO天线去耦合的可能性。面向实际工程需求,本文着重开展高密度基站天线去耦合技术研究。本文主要工作可以概括如下:首先,提出了两款可工作于1.7-2.7GHz的宽带±45°双极化基站天线单元。在这项工作中,设计了一款传统大小的基站天线与一款小型化基站天线。两款天线都利用引入的环形谐振器扩展基站天线在高频处的阻抗带宽,同时环形谐振器也是天线交叉极化方向上天线的辐射贴片,最终实现了1.7-2.7GHz的工作带宽与±45°双极化;所设计的小型化基站天线的辐射体口径面积相对于传统基站天线缩减大约40%,同时在1.7-2.7GHz的增益为8 d B±0.3 d B,3 d B波束宽度为70°±1°,10d B波束宽度为127°±2°,即拥有更稳定的辐射方向图。最后,制作并测试了这两款基站天线,验证了所提出的两种基站天线单元的工作性能。另外,利用以上两种基站天线组成了两个2×2 MIMO阵列,验证了所提出的小型化基站天线单元可以减轻耦合带来的负面效果。其中,两种阵列中天线之间的行间距与列间距都为80mm(0.45λ,λ为1.7 GHz处的波长),得到的两个2×2MIMO都能够工作在1.7-2.7 GHz。小型化基站天线所组成的MIMO阵列相比传统天线所组成的MIMO阵列,辐射方向图畸变得到明显改善,而且阵列单元间的端口隔离度要提高1-3 d B。最后,加工、组装和测试了传统2×2MIMO天线阵列样机和小型化2×2MIMO天线阵列样机,测试结果和仿真结果吻合良好,充分证明了所设计的小型化基站天线可以减小阵列单元之间的耦合。更多还原

【Abstract】 As the new generation of mobile communication system enters the 5G era,higher requirements are put forward to the channel capacity and communication speed of mobile communication system,which requires continuous development and innovation at all aspects of the whole mobile communication system.As for the base station antenna,it is obvious that there is a contradiction between the increasing channel capacity and highspeed communication demand of mobile communication system and the need for antenna have lesser space occupy and lower cost in reality.In order to figure out the problem,dual-polarization high-density MIMO base station antenna becomes the preferred alternative,because large-scale MIMO antenna can solve the problem of insufficient channel capacity,and miniaturized antenna element and more compact antenna layout can meet the requirements of smaller footprint and lower cost.Demand for base station antenna in modern communication system,this dissertation mainly around highly density base station antenna decoupling technology,exploration and design more practical and electrical size smaller base station antenna,research the coupling condition in a more tightly base station antenna array,and put forward a feasible plan for decoupling in high density MIMO antenna array at a complex electromagnetic environment.To meet the engineering needs,this thesis focuses on the research high-density base station antenna decoupling technology.The main work of this thesis can be summarized as follows:Firstly,two kinds of ±45° dual polarization base station antennas which can operate at 1.7-2.7 GHz are proposed.In this work,a traditional size base station antenna and a miniaturized base station antenna are designed.Both antennas use the introduced ring resonator to expand the impedance bandwidth of the base station antenna at high frequency,and the ring resonator is also the radiation patch of the antenna in the crosspolarization direction of the antenna,and finally achieve the working bandwidth of 1.7-2.7GHz and double polarization of ±45°.Compared with traditional base station antennas,the designed miniaturized base station antenna has a 40% reduction in the aperture area,and a gain of 8 d B±0.3 d B,a 3 d B beamwidth of 70°±1°,and a 10 d B beamwidth of127°±2°,indicating a more stable radiation pattern at 1.7-2.7GHz.Finally,the two base station antennas are fabricated and tested,and the performance of the proposed two base station antennas is verified.In addition,two 2×2 MIMO arrays are formed by the two kinds of base station antennas above,which verifies that the proposed miniaturized base station antennas can reduce the negative effects caused by coupling.The row spacing and column spacing between the antennas in the two arrays are 80mm(0.45λ,λ is the wavelength at 1.7 GHz),and the two 2×2 MIMO arrays can work at 1.7-2.7 GHz.Compared with the traditional MIMO array,the radiation pattern distortion of the MIMO array composed of miniaturized base station antennas is significantly reduced,and the port isolation degree between array elements is 1-3 d B higher.Finally,the prototype of traditional MIMO antenna array and miniaturized MIMO antenna array of 2×2 array are fabricated,assembled and tested.The test results are in good agreement with the simulation results,which fully proves that the miniaturized base station antenna can reduce the coupling between array element.更多还原