【作者】 刘强；

【导师】 王建勋；

【作者基本信息】 电子科技大学 ， 工程硕士（专业学位）， 2022， 硕士

【摘要】 毫米波技术在5G通信、武器制导、电子对抗、安检探测和雷达等领域具有极其重要的应用。真空电子器件凭借其高功率、高效率、高可靠性和使用寿命长等优点一直在高频领域发挥难以替代的作用。作为重要的真空毫米波源之一,具有宽频带大功率输出特点的带状注行波管有着极其重要的研究和应用价值。带状注器件由传统的圆形注器件发展而来,圆形电子注到带状电子注的扩展使得同电流密度下,电子注的电流增大,有助于提高带状注器件的输出功率;电子注的扁平带状的结构,与周期性永磁聚焦系统非常契合,十分有利于减小整管的体积和重量,实现器件的小型化和便携化。作为带状电子注与高频行波场相互作用交换能量的场所,交错双栅慢波结构由全金属的结构构成,相对较强的散热能力允许器件承受较大的功率容量。其结构较为简单,非常适合带状电子注传输,在机械加工和器件装配上有天然的优势。本论文主要研究了交错双栅带状注行波管高效互作用技术的实现,深入分析了带状注行波管工作中电子注的群聚行为和电子注与高频场的换能过程。在此基础上改进和完善全周期多参数相速渐变的优化方法,进一步提高带状注行波管注-波互作用效率,增大输出功率。本文的研究内容如下:1、针对全周期多参数相速渐变的优化方案,研究不同数值优化方法对优化结果的影响,以算法的收敛速度和函数的全局最优值为标准选择最佳的优化算法,实验结果显示粒子群算法相较于其他算法具有明显的优势;2、利用全周期多参数相速渐变方案在Ka波段对带状注行波管注-波互作用效率的极限进行探究,经过多次全周期相速渐变的优化实验,在CST Studio PIC粒子模拟验证中得到注-波互作用效率为64.5%的慢波结构;3、采用多目标优化和全周期相速渐变结合的方案,在整个频带上提升注-波互作用效率,充分发挥带状注行波管宽频带的优点;4、针对含有衰减器的慢波结构,改进1-D非线性注-波互作用程序,并应用全周期相速渐变方案提高考虑衰减器情况下的注-波互作用效率;5、为了解决1-D非线性注-波互作用程序计算的误差,采用Matlab-CST Studio联合仿真优化的方案,并在X波段慢波结构的设计中得以应用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Millimeter wave technology has extremely important applications in 5G communications,weapon guidance,vehicle radar,security inspection,and electronic countermeasures.Vacuum devices have been playing an irreplaceable role in the highfrequency field due to their advantages of high power,high efficiency,high reliability and long service life.As one of the important vacuum millimeter wave sources,the sheet beam traveling wave tube with broadband characteristics has very important study and application value.The sheet beam device is developed from the traditional round beam device.The expansion of the round electron beam to the sheet electron beam increases the current of the electron beam at the same current density,which helps to increase the output power of the sheet beam device.The flat belt structure of the electron beam is very suitable for the periodic cusped magnetic focusing system,which is very beneficial to reduce the volume and weight of the whole tube,and realize the miniaturization and portability of the device.As a place where the electron beam interacts with the high-frequency field to exchange energy,the staggered double-vane slow-wave structure is composed of an allmetal structure.The relatively strong heat dissipation capability allows the device to withstand a larger power capacity.Its structure is relatively simple,which is very suitable for sheet beam transmission,and has natural advantages in mechanical processing and device assembly.This thesis mainly studies the realization of the highefficiency interaction technology of the staggered double-vane sheet beam traveling wave tube,and deeply analyzes the bunching behavior of the electron beam and the energy conversion process of the electron beam and the high frequency field in the sheet beam traveling wave tube.On this basis,the optimization method of all-period multiparameter phase velocity tapering is improved and perfected,the efficiency of beamwave interaction of the sheet beam traveling wave tube is further improved,and the output power is increased.The research content of this thesis is as follows:1.For the all-period multi-parameter phase velocity tapering optimization scheme,the influence of different numerical optimization methods on the optimization results is studied,and the best optimization algorithm is selected based on the convergence speed and the global optimal value.The experimental results show that the particle swarm algorithm has obvious advantages than others;2.In Ka-band,using the all-period multi-parameter phase velocity tapering optimization scheme to explore the limit of the beam-wave interaction efficiency of the sheet beam traveling-wave tube,after multiple optimization experiments,the slow-wave structure with 64.5 % beam-wave interaction efficiency was obtained in the CST Studio particle in cell simulation verification;3.The combination of multi-objective optimization and all-period phase velocity tapering optimization is adopted to improve the efficiency of beam-wave interaction in the entire bandwidth,and give full play to the advantages of the wide frequency bandwidth of the sheet beam traveling wave tube;4.For the slow-wave structure with attenuator,the 1-D nonlinear beam-wave interaction code is improved,and the all-period phase velocity tapering scheme is applied to improve the beam-wave interaction efficiency considering the attenuator;5.In order to solve the calculation error of the 1-D nonlinear beam-wave interaction code,the Matlab-CST Studio joint simulation optimization scheme is adopted,and it is applied in the design of the X-band slow-wave structure.更多还原