【作者】 陈超；

【导师】 陈金涛；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 工商管理（专业学位）， 2022， 硕士

【摘要】 近年来,随着国家铁路产业的高速发展、动车组车辆投入数量的增加以及运营里程的不断增长,客户对动车组车辆配件市场的需求量剧增、对配件产品的供应及时性要求更高、对于配件产品的质量标准要求更严苛。PJ公司作为专营动车组车辆配件的销售公司,所经营的所有配件产品都是通过采购获取。因此,采购是该企业供应链的最关键因素,影响着整个供应链的质量、进度和成本等环节。如果PJ公司不能加强自身的采购风险管理,它就无法及时响应客户日益严苛的要求、无法获得足够的市场竞争优势、以至于最终无法达成企业经营目标。因此,PJ公司对其自身采购风险进行管理具有非常重要的现实意义。PJ公司为本文研究对象。首先,本文梳理了目标企业的采购数据及采购风险管理现状,并分析了其采购风险管理过程中存在的主要问题。其次,本文参考了相关文献列举的采购风险因素分类,通过对企业实际问题进行诊断性分析,从企业外部、企业内部两个层面逐步识别PJ公司的各类采购风险因素,归纳出企业外部2大类5小类风险因素和企业内部5大类16小类风险因素。再次,通过对采购管理相关人员进行访谈调研,得到各类别采购风险因素的重要度比较关系,并依据层次分析方法得出类别权重,组织供应链上下游关键人员、采购业务骨干人员、同类专家以及领导人员,对风险因素进行打分,然后使用模糊综合评价方法得出风险评估值。最后,本文结合PJ公司的实际情况对各类采购风险因素制定了针对性的控制策略。具体而言,通过制定风险防控体系回避相应风险因素,通过建立灵活的战略协议采购模式转移部分采购风险,通过搭建绿色通道缓和部分采购风险,通过优化预算制度自留部分风险。本研究针对PJ公司存在的采购风险因素进行了识别、评估并提出了控制策略,为PJ公司及相关轨道车辆配件企业的采购风险管理提供了参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent years,with the rapid development of the national railway industry,the continuous increments in the number and the mileage of EMU vehicles,customers have a significantly high demand for the EMU vehicle accessory market,a higher requirement for the timely supply of spare parts of the products,and a more stringent stipulation for the quality standards towards accessory products.PJ Company,as a sales company which sells spare parts for EMUS,obtains all of its spare parts of the products through procurement.Therefore,procurement is the most critical factor in the supply chain of the company,affecting the quality,the schedule and the cost of the whole supply chain.If PJ Company cannot implement effective risk management on its own procurement,it will be unable to respond to the increasingly demanding requirements of customers in time,gain enough competitive advantages in the market,or achieve the business goals in the end.Therefore,it is of great practical significance for PJ Company to manage its purchasing risk.PJ Company is the subject of the paper.Firstly,this paper sorts out the current situation of PJ Company’s purchasing risk management and the main problems that exist in the process of its management.Secondly,the paper refers to the classifications of purchasing risk factors listed in relevant literature,and gradually identifies all kinds of purchasing risk factors of PJ Company from external and internal aspects,which generalizes 2 large and 5 small types of risk factors at the external level and 5 large and 16 small types of risk factors at the internal level.Thirdly,through the interview and investigation to the relevant personnel of the procurement management,we get the comparison relation of the importance degree of the risk factors of various categories of procurement,and get the category weight according to the analytic hierarchy process,organization supply chain upstream and downstream key personnel,procurement business backbone personnel,similar experts and leaders,to rate the risk factors,and then use fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to obtain the risk assessment value.Finally,based on the actual situation of PJ Company,the paper formulates corresponding control strategies for all kinds of purchasing risk factors.In detail,the corresponding risk factors are avoided through the establishment of a risk prevention and control system;some procurement risks are transferred through the establishment of a flexible procurement model;some procurement risks are mitigated through the establishment of a green channel;some risks are solved through the optimization of the budget system.This study identifies and evaluates the purchasing risk factors in PJ company,and puts forward the control strategy,which provides a reference for the purchasing risk management of PJ company and Related Rail Vehicle Parts Enterprises.更多还原