【作者】 王玥；

【导师】 高申春；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 基础心理学， 2022， 硕士

【摘要】 在语言文字系统中,字符出现的顺序对于词汇的识别非常重要,因此需要对字符转置效应多加研究。字符转置效应是指当单词内部字符发生变化时,字符转置形成的非词更易被误认为原单词,也更容易激活原单词的识别。本研究采用掩蔽启动范式对汉语词汇的字符转置效应进行了探索,掩蔽启动范式是通过控制启动时间(即启动刺激呈现的时间),并在启动刺激前后加入掩蔽符号(如“####”),以减少被试察觉目标项前的启动项的可能性。近年来,开始有研究者使用多字词对字符转置效应进行研究,本研究正是在此基础之上,选取四字词和双字词组作为实验材料,并对词频和首字视觉复杂度、字频进行了严格控制,旨在探究汉语中的字符转置效应以及其起作用的阶段。实验一通过对四字词(ABCD)内部BC字符进行转置、替换处理,以探索词汇内汉字位置是如何加工的。实验设计为3(启动时间:60毫秒/150毫秒/300毫秒)×5(启动刺激:字符相同/字符转置/同音字替换/形近字替换/无关替换)的两因素被试内实验设计,使用掩蔽启动范式,要求被试进行真假词汇决策任务,由此得到被试的反应时和按键正确率。结果显示,启动时间主效应显著,启动刺激主效应显著,启动时间和启动刺激交互作用显著。进一步进行检验,在启动时间为60毫秒和150毫秒时,字符相同启动效应和字符转置启动效应之间差异不显著,和其它替换条件启动效应差异显著;在启动时间为300毫秒时,字符相同启动效应和其它启动刺激条件下的启动效应之间差异显著。实验二通过对双字词组(AB+CD)内部BC字符进行转置、替换处理,以探索词汇间汉字位置是如何加工的。实验设计同实验一。结果显示,启动刺激主效应显著,启动时间和启动刺激交互作用显著,进一步检验发现,在三个启动时间上,字符相同启动效应和字符转置启动效应之间差异均不显著,与其它启动刺激条件下的启动效应之间差异显著。实验所得结论如下:(1)实验一结果显示,在汉语孤立词汇加工中,词汇内的字符顺序编码较为灵活,存在字符转置效应,位置信息在词汇识别晚期的影响更大。(2)实验二结果显示,在汉语孤立词汇加工中,词汇间的字符顺序编码也较为灵活,同样存在字符转置效应,位置信息在词汇识别的不同时间进程上的影响都较小。更多还原

【Abstract】 In linguistic writing systems,the order in which characters appear is very important for word recognition,so the effect of character transposition needs to be studied more.The effect of character transposition refers to the fact that when the characters within a word change,the nonwords formed by character transposition are more likely to be mistaken for the original word and more likely to activate the recognition of the original word.The present study explored the effect of character transposition in Chinese words using a masked priming paradigm,which controls the priming time(i.e.,how long the priming stimulus is presented)and adds masking symbols(e.g.,"####")before and after the priming stimulus to reduce the likelihood of subjects detecting the priming item before the target item.In recent years,researchers have begun to investigate the effect of character transposition using multi-character words,and the present study is based on this,selecting four-character words and two-character phrases as experimental materials,and strictly controlling word frequency and initial word visual complexity and word frequency,with the aim of investigating the effect of character transposition in Chinese and the stages in which it plays a role.Experiment 1 was conducted by transposing and replacing BC characters within a four-character word(ABCD)in order to explore how the position of Chinese characters within the word was processed.The experimental design was a two-factor within-subjects experimental design of 3(priming time:60ms/150ms/300ms)× 5(priming stimulus: identical-character condition/transposed-character condition/homonymic-replaced-character condition/similar-replaced-character condition/irrelevant-replaced-character condition).The experiment used the masked priming paradigm and participants were asked to perform lexical decision tasks,from which the subjects’ response times and correctness rates were obtained.The results showed that the main effect of priming times was significant,the main effect of priming stimulus was significant,and the interaction between priming time and priming stimulus was significant.Further tests showed that the differences between the identical-character priming effect and the transposed-character priming effect were not significant at the priming time of 60 ms and 150 ms,and the differences between the priming effect and other replacement conditions were significant.At the priming time of 300 ms,the differences between the identical-character priming effect and the priming effect of other priming stimulus conditions were significant.Experiment 2 was conducted by transposing and replacing BC characters inside the two-character word phrases(AB+CD)in order to explore how Chinese character positions were processed across words.The experiment design was a two-factor within-subjects experimental design of 3(priming time:60ms/150ms/300ms)× 5(priming stimulus: identical-character condition/transposed-character condition /homonymic-replaced-character condition/similar-replaced-character condition /irrelevant-replaced-character condition).The experimental design was the same as Experiment 1.The results showed that the main effect of the priming stimulus was significant,and the interaction between the priming time and the priming stimulus was significant.Further tests revealed that the differences between the identical-character priming effect and the transposed-character priming effect were not significant at the three priming times,and the differences between the identical-character priming effect and the priming effect of other priming stimulus conditions were significant.The results obtained from the experiments are as follows:(1)The results of Experiment 1 showed that in Chinese isolated word processing,character order encoding within the word was more flexible,and there was a effect of character transposition,and positional information was more influential in the late stage of word recognition.(2)The results of Experiment 2 showed that the character order coding across words is also flexible in Chinese isolated word processing,and the same effect of character transposition existed,and positional information has little influence on different temporal processes of word recognition.更多还原