【作者】 李红丽；

【导师】 毛安；

【作者基本信息】 山东农业大学 ， 林业（专业学位）， 2022， 硕士

【摘要】 我国的食用菌产量居于世界首位,食用菌产量逐年增加的同时也产生了大量菌渣。据统计,每生产1kg的食用菌会产生大约为3.25-5.0 kg的食用菌菌渣。菌渣资源丰富,但综合利用率不高,缺乏有效利用手段,菌渣的大量废弃是目前需要解决的一个环境问题。同时随着经济快速发展,人造板的使用量越来越大,实现废弃人造板的循环利用可以有效解决我国木材资源短缺问题,减少或延缓木材制品中碳的排放,是实现我国“3060”双碳目标的重要途径之一。本研究的目的是将人工林间伐材木屑作为菌丝体培养的主要基质,利用培养的真菌菌丝作为粘结物质,通过热压成型方法制备生物质菌丝体-木屑复合材料,研究热压温度、时间等工艺对菌丝体复合材料物理力学性能的影响规律;同时探索将废弃人造板作为基质进行真菌菌丝体培养以及制备菌丝体-人造板废料复合材料的可行性。主要研究内容如下:(1)以杨木木屑为主要基质培养灵芝菌丝体,以菌丝体作为粘结物质,通过热压成型方法制备菌丝体-杨木木屑复合材料,研究培养过程中灵芝真菌对杨木木屑的降解能力以及探讨热压温度、热压时间等工艺参数对菌丝体复合材料物理力学性能的影响规律;(2)以杨木刨花板废料为主要基质培养灵芝菌丝体,以菌丝体作为粘结物质,通过热压成型方法制备菌丝体-人造板废料复合材料,研究培养过程中灵芝真菌对人造板废料的降解能力以及探讨热压温度、热压时间等工艺参数对菌丝体复合材料物理力学性能的影响规律;(3)比较研究不同培养基质(杨木木屑和人造板废料)对菌丝体复合材料外观、微观形态,化学结构以及物理力学性能的影响,探索将废弃人造板作为基质进行真菌菌丝体培养以及制备菌丝体-人造板废料复合材料的可行性。主要研究结论如下:(1)杨木木屑为培养基质更适合真菌菌丝体的生长,其中的菌丝体更浓密和完整。真菌对杨木木屑的降解能力高于人造板废料,在杨木木屑和人造板废料培养基质中,半纤维素分别降解了7.71%和5.61%,纤维素分别降解了11.45%和7.51%,木质素分别降解了10.27%和10.5%。(2)相同制备工艺下,菌丝体-杨木木屑复合材料密度高于菌丝体-人造板废料复合材料。热压时间为8min时,菌丝体-人造板废料复合材料表面硬度高于菌丝体-木屑复合材料;热压时间为12min时,结果相反。(3)热压温度为140~oC,热压时间为8min时,菌丝体-杨木木屑复合材料综合性能较好,是最优热压工艺;热压温度为140~oC,热压时间为12min时,菌丝体-人造板废料复合材料综合性能较好,是最优热压工艺。(4)部分复合材料的内结合强度达到了刨花板国标对干燥状态下普通刨花板的要求,菌丝体-人造板废料复合材料的内结合强度普遍低于菌丝体-杨木木屑复合材料。经回收利用后,菌丝体-人造板废料复合材料的甲醛含量大幅度降低。本研究结果可为合理回收利用农林剩余物以及人造板废料等生物质资源,开发环保轻质新材料,实现可持续发展提供新的可能路径。后续将进一步研究提高菌丝体复合材料物理力学性能,探索其应用于非承重的吸音隔热材料的可行性。更多还原

【Abstract】 The yield of edible fungi in my country ranks first in the world,and a large number of mushroom residues are produced with the increase of edible fungi yield year by year.According to statistics,each production of 1 kg of edible fungi will produce about 3.25-5.0 kg of edible fungi residue.The mushroom residue is rich in resources,but the comprehensive utilization rate is not high,and there is a lack of effective means of utilization.A large number of waste mushroom residue is an environmental problem that needs to be solved at present.At the same time,with the rapid economic development,the use of wood-based panels is increasing.The recycling of waste wood-based panels can effectively solve the shortage of wood resources in my country,reduce or delay carbon emissions in wood products,which is one of the important ways to achieve the‘3060’dual carbon goals in my country.The purpose of this study was to prepare biomass mycelium-sawdust composites by hot-pressing method using sawdust as the main substrate of mycelium culture and fungal mycelium as the adhesive material.The effects of hot-pressing temperature and time on the physical and mechanical properties of mycelium composites were studied.At the same time,the feasibility of using waste wood-based panels as substrate for fungal mycelium culture and preparation of fungal mycelium-based panels waste composites was explored.The main research contents are as follows:(1)Ganoderma lucidum mycelium was cultured with poplar sawdust as the main substrate,and the mycelium was used as the bonding material to prepare the mycelium-poplar sawdust composites by hot-pressing method.The degradation ability of Ganoderma lucidum fungi on poplar sawdust during the culture process was studied,and the effects of hot-pressing temperature and hot-pressing time on the physical and mechanical properties of the mycelium composites were discussed;(2)Ganoderma lucidum mycelium was cultured with poplar particleboard waste as the main substrate,and the mycelium was used as the adhesive material to prepare the mycelium-artificial board waste composites by hot-pressing method.The degradation ability of Ganoderma lucidum fungi on artificial board waste during the culture process was studied,and the effects of hot-pressing temperature and hot-pressing time on the physical and mechanical properties of mycelium composites were discussed;(3)The effects of different culture media(poplar sawdust and wood-based panel waste)on the appearance,microstructure,chemical structure and physical and mechanical properties of fungal mycelium composites were compared and studied to explore the feasibility of using waste wood-based panel as a substrate for fungal mycelium culture and the preparation of fungal mycelium-wood-based panel waste composites.The main research conclusions are as follows:(1)Poplar sawdust as the culture medium is more suitable for the growth of fungal mycelium,which is denser and more complete.The degradation ability of fungi on poplar sawdust was higher than that of wood-based panel waste.In poplar sawdust and wood-based panel waste culture medium,hemicellulose degraded 7.71%and 5.61%,cellulose degraded11.45%and 7.51%,lignin degraded 10.27%and 10.5%,respectively.(2)Under the same preparation process,the density of mycelium-poplar sawdust composite material is higher than that of mycelium-wood-based panel waste composite material.When the hot-pressing time was 8 min,the surface hardness of the mycelium-wood-based panel waste composite was higher than that of the mycelium-wood chip composite;when the hot-pressing time was 12 min,the results were opposite.(3)When the hot-pressing temperature is 140~oC and the hot-pressing time is 8min,the mycelium-poplar sawdust composite has better comprehensive performance and is the optimal hot-pressing process;when the hot-pressing temperature is 140~oC and the hot-pressing time is12min,the mycelium-wood-based panel waste composite material has better comprehensive performance and is the optimal hot-pressing process.(4)The internal bonding strength of some composites meets the requirements of particleboard national standard for ordinary particleboard under dry condition.The internal bonding strength of mycelium-artificial board waste composites is generally lower than that of mycelium-poplar sawdust composites.After recycling,the formaldehyde content of mycelium-wood-based panel waste composites is greatly reduced.The results of this study can provide a new possible path for the rational recycling of biomass resources such as agroforestry residues and wood-based panel wastes,the development of environmentally friendly and lightweight new materials,and the realization of sustainable development.Subsequently,the physical and mechanical properties of mycelium composites will be further studied to explore the feasibility of its application in non-load-bearing sound absorption and insulation materials.更多还原