【作者】 王巍；

【导师】 赵蔚；

【作者基本信息】 东北师范大学 ， 教育技术学， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 5G、人工智能的飞速发展将科技人才和创新能力需求扩展到了前所未有的盛世,全球都将科技创新能力作为国家未来竞争力的核心要素。STEAM教育作为培养创新人才的重要手段,自引入我国后得到了各行各业的关注。当前对STEAM教育的研究以中小学的研究成果为核心,但是已有研究表明儿童接触STEAM教育的时间越早,越有利于启发他们对周围世界的好奇心和探索欲,所以在幼儿园开展STEAM教育有助于儿童未来的发展。然而现阶段中小学STEAM教育实践成果较为丰富,幼儿阶段的本土化实践发展不足。设计符合幼儿身心发展的STEAM活动促进幼儿学习体验,发展各领域的关键经验能力有重要意义。本研究采用文献研究法、实验研究法、观察法和访谈法等研究方法,通过目的性抽样选择10名5-6岁大班幼儿为研究对象,基于构建的STEAM活动设计框架,开发不同主题的STEAM活动并进行教育实验。首先通过文献梳理相关研究成果,并对相关概念进行界定。其次依据大班幼儿的认知发展特点,构建以发展幼儿关键经验为目标的STEAM活动设计框架,从活动目标、活动主体、活动内容、支持环境、活动过程到活动评价进行核心要素分析,并根据提出的STEAM活动设计框架设计STEAM案例《蜗牛绘本》。经过三个月的教育实验,从学习品质、科学探究经验和基于作品的创造力三个方面评价幼儿关键经验的发展水平。研究结果表明,STEAM活动有效促进了幼儿关键经验发展。具体表现在:幼儿的学习品质在主动性、好奇心和坚持性三个维度上发展显著,在目标意识,专注程度,想象力和创造力、抗挫折能力和独立性五个维度上也有不同程度的提高;科学探究经验方面,幼儿的观察、实验、交流想法、工具和技术四个维度上能力提高幅度最大;基于对幼儿作品的评价显示,幼儿作品创造性水平逐渐提高,反映出幼儿在作品设计、制作程序和技术工艺上的进步潜力。基于STEAM活动实验结果,研究提出了促进幼儿关键经验发展的教学策略,并对幼儿园开展STEAM活动提出了三点教育建议:STEAM活动设计聚集核心概念与跨学科整合、提升教师STEAM素养是STEAM教育实施的基本保障、整合多方资源构建支持STEAM教育生态系统。更多还原

【Abstract】 The rapid development of 5G and artificial intelligence has expanded the demand for scientific and technological talents and innovation ability to an unprecedented heyday.The world regards scientific and technological innovation ability as the core element of national competitiveness in the future.STEAM education,as an important means of cultivating innovative talents,has attracted attention from all walks of life since it was introduced into China.The current research on STEAM education is centered on the research results of primary and secondary schools.However,studies have shown that the earlier children are exposed to STEAM education,the more likely it is to inspire their curiosity and desire to explore the world around them.Therefore,STEAM education in kindergartens is conducive to children’s future development.However,STEAM education practice in primary and secondary schools is relatively rich at present,and the localization practice in early childhood is not developed enough.It is important to design STEAM activities that are in line with the physical and mental development of young children to promote their learning experience and develop key experience capabilities in various fields.In this study,literature research method,experimental research method,observation method and interview method were adopted,and 10 large class children aged 5-6 years old were selected as the research objects through targeted sampling.Based on the constructed STEAM activity design framework,STEAM activities with different themes were developed and educational experiments were conducted.Firstly,relevant research results are reviewed through literature review and relevant concepts are defined.Secondly according to the army of young children’s cognitive development characteristics of building to develop children’s key experience as the goal of STEAM activity design framework,from the activity objectives,subject,content,supporting environment,activity process to evaluate core essential factor analysis,and according to the proposed design framework design STEAM STEAM activity case "snail picture books".After three months of educational experiments,the development level of children’s key experiences was evaluated from three aspects:learning quality,scientific inquiry experience and work-based creativity.The results show that STEAM activities effectively promote the development of key experiences in young children.Specifically,children’s learning quality develops significantly in three dimensions of initiative,curiosity and persistence,and also improves in different degrees in five dimensions of goal awareness,concentration,imagination and creativity,anti-frustration ability and independence.In terms of scientific inquiry experience,children’s ability of observation,experiment,exchange of ideas,tools and technology improved the most.Based on the evaluation of children’s works,the creative level of children’s works is gradually improved,reflecting the potential of children’s progress in the design,production procedures and technology.Based on the experimental results of STEAM activities,the study puts forward teaching strategies to promote the development of key experiences of children,and puts forward three educational suggestions for kindergartens to carry out STEAM activities: STEAM activity design gathers core concepts and interdisciplinary integration,promotes teachers’ STEAM literacy is the basic guarantee for the implementation of STEAM education,and integrates multiple resources to build an ecosystem supporting STEAM education.更多还原