【作者】 毛建中；

【导师】 姚诗； 吴冠勋；

【作者基本信息】 湖南大学 ， 法律硕士（专业学位）， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 黑社会性质组织的性质决定了暴力是其基本犯罪手段,软暴力只是辅助性手段,而恶势力组织惯常实施软暴力犯罪,故专题研究恶势力组织软暴力犯罪。对于恶势力组织的认定,主要存在如下问题:对概念存在理解偏差;不能准确界定“三个特征”;不能准确区分恶势力组织及黑社会性质组织。对于恶势力组织软暴力犯罪的认定,主要存在如下问题:对概念和分类存在理解偏差;不能准确把握一般认定规则;对主观目的理解不当;对行为手段认定不当;不能准确把握“两个足以”标准;对具体罪名认定不当。根据最新立法草案精神,恶势力组织可以分为普通恶势力组织及特别恶势力组织,基本对应现行规范性文件所规定的恶势力及恶势力犯罪集团。认定普通恶势力组织,需要准确界定组织特征、行为特征及危害性特征,其中组织特征是基本特征,行为特征是本质特征,危害性特征是重要特征;应当先考察组织特征及行为特征等形式要件,再考察作为实质要件的危害性特征。特别恶势力组织应在具备普通恶势力组织三个特征的基础上,进一步考察其是否符合组织构成、组织运作及犯罪次数等要件。非法控制特征是黑社会性质组织的本质特征,也是恶势力组织区别于黑社会性质组织的关键所在。软暴力可以分为滋扰型软暴力、胁迫型软暴力及混合型软暴力。认定恶势力组织软暴力犯罪,既需要严格遵守一般规则,又需要符合具体认定标准。在一般规则中,限制适用规则是认定恶势力组织软暴力犯罪的关键规则;危害性相当规则要求软暴力达到与暴力、威胁相当的危害程度才能入罪;避免重复评价规则要求在认定犯罪时应当避免循环论证,在量刑时应当着力避免重复评价。在具体认定标准中,对于软暴力的主观目的,应当准确认定“不法利益”及“非法影响”。对于行为手段,应当准确界定滋扰、纠缠、哄闹、聚众造势及其他手段,并对“软暴力”和“威胁”进行辨析。在“两个足以”标准的认定上,对于心理强制标准可以按照一般人的主观经验进行判断,对于客观危害标准应当根据行为本身的客观危害性进行判断。对于恶势力组织和软暴力的判断都应当紧紧围绕具体罪名的犯罪构成要件进行判断。催收非法债务罪的设立,标志着软暴力从黑恶势力犯罪向普通犯罪扩张。对于恶势力组织软暴力涉及具体罪名的认定,应当注意规范性文件对于部分罪名入罪门槛的降低,适用前提是全案认定为有组织犯罪。更多还原

【Abstract】 The nature of the underworld organization determines that violence is the basic means of crime.Soft violence is only a supplementary means,while evil force organization often commit soft violence crimes,so we focus on the study of the crime of soft violence committed by evil force.For the identification of evil force organization,there are mainly the following problems: there is a misunderstanding of the concept;unable to accurately define "three characteristics";the evil force organization and the underworld organization can not be accurately distinguished.There are mainly the following problems in the identification of soft violence crime committed by evil force: misunderstanding of the concept and classification;failure to grasp the general identification rules accurately;there is a misunderstanding of subjective purpose;improper identification of means of conduct;cannot accurately grasp the standard of "two sufficiency";improper identification of specific charges.According to the spirit of the latest draft legislation,the evil force organization can be divided into ordinary evil force organization and special evil force organization,which basically correspond to the evil force and evil force criminal group stipulated in the current normative documents.In order to identify ordinary evil force organization,it is necessary to accurately define organizational characteristics,behavioral characteristics and harmful characteristics.Among them,organizational characteristics are the basic characteristics,behavioral characteristics are the essential characteristics,and harmful characteristics are the important characteristics;We should first examine the formal elements such as organizational characteristics and behavioral characteristics,and then examine the harmful characteristics as substantive elements.Based on the three characteristics of ordinary evil force organization,special evil force organization should further investigate whether they meet the requirements of organization constitution,organization operation and crime frequency.Illegal control is the essential feature of underworld organization and the key to the evil force organization from the underworld organization.Soft violence can be divided into nuisance soft violence,coercion soft violence and mixed soft violence.In order to identify the crimes of soft violence committed by evil force organization,we need to strictly abide by the general rules and meet the specific standards.Among the general rules,the limited application rule is the key rule to identify the soft violence crime of evil force;The rule of harmfulness equivalence requires that the soft violence can be convicted only when it reaches the harmfulness equivalent to violence and threat;The rule of avoiding repeated evaluation requires that circular argumentation should be avoided when identifying crimes and repeated evaluation should be avoided when sentencing.In the specific identification standard,for the subjective purpose of soft violence,we should accurately identify "illegal interests" and "illegal influence".As for the means of behavior,we should accurately define nuisance,entanglement,uproar,crowd building and other means,and distinguish "soft violence" and "threat".In the identification of the "two sufficiency" standard,the psychological compulsion standard can be judged according to the subjective experience of ordinary people,and the objective harm standard should be judged according to the objective harm of the behavior itself.The judgment of evil force organization and soft violence should focus on the elements of crime of specific charges.The establishment of the crime of collecting illegal debts marks the expansion of soft violence from crimes committed by evil force organization crime to common crime.For the identification of soft violence involving specific charges,we should pay attention to the reduction of the threshold of some charges in normative documents,and the premise of application is that the whole case is identified as an organized crime.更多还原