【作者】 张静；

【导师】 陈吉胜；

【作者基本信息】 华中师范大学 ， 科学技术哲学， 2022， 硕士

【摘要】 二十世纪初期,西方哲学就与语言有了确切的关联,本文选取普特南的科学语言哲学作为主要研究对象,通过对他的科学语言哲学的背景及内容进行梳理,一方面把握其理论的真正内涵;另一方面从整体上回顾普特南科学语言哲学的发展趋势,试图揭示其对当代科学语言研究的重要贡献。本文主要分四部分进行论述:第一部分:对普特南科学语言哲学提出的背景作介绍。首先描述分析了传统语义学和其所面临的困难,通过梳理普特南不同时期科学语言哲学的渊源,进一步阐述了他实在论背景下所指出的关于自然类语词的意义和指称问题。第二部分:对普特南的科学语言哲学内容进行了详细阐述。首先,述介了自然类语词的传统洛克式观点即自然类语词的意义存在于人们的头脑中,普特南设想的孪生地球思想实验则从自然类语词“水”的例子得出心理状态并没有对自然类语词的意义有决定性作用。其次,围绕自然类与人造类,阐释了普特南的自然类思想。最后,讨论了普特南意义理论中自然语言和科学语言的关系,进而从整体上把握了普特南科学语言哲学的真正内涵。第三部分:论述了普特南科学语言哲学的影响。普特南以批判式的思维否定了传统的心理主义语义观,开辟了外在主义的研究路径;依据科学发现建构本质主义意义理论,保证了本质主义的合理性和科学性;从辩证的角度分析普特南科学语言哲学的作用和影响。第四部分:对普特南科学语言哲学的反思。首先,本质主义立场过强,自然类与本质属性之间的充分必要关系难以满足。其次,自然概念和科学概念也是两种不同的语言,两种不同的语言无法划等号。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the early 20th century,western philosophy had an exact relationship with language.This paper selects Putnam’s scientific language as the main research object,and combs the background and content of his philosophy of scientific language,on the one hand,grasp the real connotation of his theory;On the other hand,it reviews the development trend of Putnam’s philosophy of scientific language as a whole,and tries to reveal its important contribution to the study of contemporary scientific language.This paper is mainly divided into four parts:The first part introduces the background of Putnam’s philosophy of scientific language.Firstly,it describes and analyzes the traditional semantics and the difficulties it faces.By combing the origin of Putnam’s philosophy of scientific language in different periods,it further expounds the meaning and reference of natural words pointed out by Putnam under the background of realism.The second part expounds Putnam’s thought of scientific language in detail.Firstly,it introduces the traditional Locke view of natural words,that is,the meaning of natural words "water" that psychological state does not have a decisive effect on the meaning of natural words.Secondly,it explains Putnam’s thought of natural category around natural category and man-made category.Finally,it discusses the relationship between natural language and scientific language in Putnam’s meaning theory,and then grasps the real connotation of Putnam’s scientific language philosophy as a whole.The third part discusses the influence of Putnam’s philosophy of scientific language.This part discusses Putnam’s critical thinking,which denies the traditional psychological semantic view and opens up the research path of externalism;the construction of essentialism meaning theory based on scientific discovery ensures the rationality and scientificity of essentialism;This paper analyzes the function and influence of Putnam’s philosophy of scientific language from a dialectical perspective.The fourth part analyzes the dilemma of Putnam’s philosophy of scientific language.First of all,the essentialism position is too strong,and the sufficient and necessary relationship between natural categories and essential attributes is difficult to meet.Secondly,natural concepts and scientific concepts and scientific concepts are also two different languages cannot be equated.This paper rethinks Putnam’s philosophy of scientific language from a macro perspective.更多还原