【作者】 赵宁；

【导师】 郭劲光；

【作者基本信息】 东北财经大学 ， 行政管理， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 2020年初,新冠肺炎疫情猝不及防地爆发给互联网消费金融行业带来难以估量的冲击。客户逾期率上升以及新增需求的萎缩给互联网消费金融行业带来了严重的流动性危机。随着疫情的缓解经济形势的好转将释放前期压抑的消费需求,互联网消费金融行业也逐渐回暖。但中国人民银行在2021年2月份回顾中国货币政策执行情况时指出:“货币政策的制定需要注重需求侧管理坚持扩大内需的战略支撑点,激发国内消费潜力,但这一过程必须是风险可控的”。与此同时,政府在2021年3月5日公布的《政府工作报告》中指出,面对金融控股和金融科技的发展,应该更加注重“审慎监管”。金融创新使互联网消费金融延伸出更加多样化的产品和业务,那么相对应的,监管也应该在一定程度上进行强化。由此可见,在拉动经济增长的同时,也存在着很多的风险。这就意味着金融防风险任务仍要继续,那么互联网消费金融作为重要的一环,由于其自身的特殊性,在监管上将会存在更大的挑战。互联网消费金融是指金融机构和互联网公司通过网络终端来向有消费需求的客户发放数额较小的消费贷款的金融活动,一般来说这种贷款的还款期限都比较短。从借款人申请到平台和机构的审核、放款以及借款人最后还款等一系列流程都在以互联网为基础搭建的平台上完成,同时借款人在整个交易过程中不需要提供任何的抵押和担保。随着消费金融业和互联网信息技术的高速发展,“互联网消费金融”作为更加符合现代消费金融模式和适应互联网时代的产物应运而生。现代互联网与传统消费金融深度融合而成的互联网消费金融顺应了时代的发展潮流并且满足了大众日益增长的消费需求。相比于传统消费金融,互联网消费金融审批流程短、手续少、门槛低,这就使得消费者能够在较为方便的授信范围内获取一定规模的临时性消费贷款。互联网消费金融的快速发展不仅改变了传统消费金融的格局,对人们的生活起到了巨大的影响,促使了整个消费金融行业在不断的创新和发展,但同时它在生存发展中也面临着严峻的压力和挑战。在传统消费金融业与互联网的融合发展中,互联网消费金融得到了产生,也就造就了一种兼具两大行业的风险特性的互联网消费金融产业。当前我国互联网消费金融的发展不但要面临由现代互联网信息技术引发的技术、操作风险,以及由法律法规滞后于经济和行业发展而导致的法律风险,还要面临由于消费金融业发展过程中无法避免的政治风险和信用风险。这些问题和风险的爆发,对消费者的权益以及机构和平台自身的正常运行带来了极大地威胁,甚至会波及到整个社会经济的发展以及社会的稳定。由此可见,如何更加有效地对整个互联网消费金融行业进行监管是非常必要和紧迫的。因此,政府要全面加强对互联网消费金融的监管,依据政府监管相关理论规范整个行业的运行机制,从而促进整个互联网消费金融行业乃至于经济社会整体稳定、健康地向前发展。本文以公共利益理论、政府规制理论、回应性监管理论以及协同治理理论为理论支撑,运用文献研究法、访谈法以及案例分析法对我国互联网消费金融政府监管现状及存在的困境进行剖析,并以此为切入点,在借鉴国外互联网消费金融在政府监管经验基础上,提出我国互联网消费金融政府监管的建议和对策。文章主要从七个部分进行详细的论述:首先阐述我国互联网消费金融政府监管的研究背景、研究意义、研究方法等,同时对当前国内外相关领域的学者对互联网消费金融及互联网消费金融政府监管的研究成果进行介绍。其次,阐述消费金融、互联网消费金融、政府监管的涵义,并重点阐述本文所研究的问题——我国互联网消费金融政府监管所运用的理论基础。再次,从我国互联网消费金融行业发展现状、政府监管现状入手,进一步介绍政府监管的必要性。然后结合两个典型案例,对互联网消费金融政府监管面临的困境及原因进行了深入的分析和探讨。主要从政府监管立法、主体、手段、尺度这四个角度进行分析。另外,对国外互联网消费金融政府监管经验进行总结、比较和借鉴,包括美国、日本和印度三个国家。最后,基于全文的分析,就如何优化我国互联网消费金融政府监管水平提出了自己的思考并结合实际情况提出了合理化的建议和对策。通过本文的研究,将进一步完善互联网消费金融监管研究理论体系,为我国互联网消费金融行业的政府监管提供借鉴和帮助。更多还原

【Abstract】 The sudden outbreak of the new crown pneumonia epidemic in 2020 has brought a huge impact to the Internet consumer finance industry.The rising overdue rate of customers and the shrinking of new demand have brought serious liquidity crisis to the Internet consumer finance industry.With the easing of the epidemic,the improvement of the economic situation will release the previously suppressed consumer demand,and the Internet consumer finance industry is gradually picking up.However,when reviewing the implementation of China’s monetary policies in February 2021,the People’s Bank of China pointed out that "the formulation of monetary policies should focus on demand-side management,adhere to the strategic support of expanding domestic demand and stimulate domestic consumption potential,but this process must be risk controllable".At the same time,the government pointed out in the Government Work Report released on March 5,2021 that with the development of financial holdings and fin-tech,the supervision over them should also be strengthened to ensure that financial innovation is carried out under the premise of prudent supervision.Thus,while driving economic growth,there are also many risks.This means that the task of financial risk prevention should continue.As an important part of Internet consumer finance,due to its own particularity,there will be greater challenges in supervision.Internet consumer finance refers to the unsecured short-term micro-consumer credit or mortgage services provided by financial institutions,quasi-financial organizations,and Internet companies for personal consumption(generally excluding house purchases and car purchases)with the help of Internet technology.A series of processes,from the borrower’s application to the platform and institution’s review,lending and the borrower’s final repayment,are all completed on the Internet-based platform.With the rapid development of consumer finance and Internet information technology,"Internet consumer finance",as a product that more conforms to the modern consumer finance model and ADAPTS to the Internet era,emerges at the historic moment.The deep integration of modern Internet and traditional consumer finance has made Internet consumer finance conform to the development trend of the times and meet the growing consumer demand of the public.Compared with traditional consumer finance,Internet consumer finance has a short approval process,fewer procedures and lower threshold,which enables consumers to obtain a certain scale of temporary consumer loans within a more convenient scope of credit granting.The rapid development of Internet consumer finance not only changes the pattern of traditional consumer finance,but also has a huge impact on people’s life,prompting the continuous innovation and development of the whole consumer finance industry,but at the same time,it is also facing severe pressure and challenges in the survival and development.In the integration and development of traditional consumer finance and Internet,Internet consumer finance has come into being,which has created an Internet consumer finance industry with both the risk characteristics of the two industries.At present,the development of China’s Internet consumer finance not only faces technical and operational risks caused by modern Internet information technology,as well as legal risks caused by laws and regulations lagging behind the development of economy and industry,but also faces political and credit risks that cannot be avoided in the development of consumer finance.The outbreak of these problems and risks poses a great threat to the rights of consumers and the normal operation of the institutions and platforms themselves,and may even affect the development of the entire social economy and the stability of society.It is therefore necessary and urgent to regulate the entire Internet consumer finance industry more effectively.Thus,it is very necessary and urgent to supervise the whole Internet consumer finance industry more effectively.Therefore,the government should comprehensively strengthen the supervision of Internet consumer finance and regulate the operation mechanism of the whole industry according to the relevant theories of government supervision,so as to contribute to the stable and healthy development of the entire Internet consumer credit industry and the social-economy.This paper uses public interest theory,government regulation theory,responsive regulation theory and collaborative governance theory as theoretical support,and uses literature research method,interview method and case study method to analyse the current situation and dilemmas of government regulation of China’s Internet consumer finance.The study also proposes suggestions and countermeasures for government regulation of Internet consumer finance in China,based on the experience of overseas government regulation of Internet consumer finance.This paper mainly discusses in detail from seven parts:Firstly,it presents the research context,importance of research and research methods of government regulation of Internet consumer finance in China,and presents the research results of academics in related fields in the country.and abroad on Internet consumer finance and government regulation of Internet consumer finance.Secondly,it expounds the meaning of consumer finance,Internet consumer finance and government supervision,and focuses on the theoretical basis of government supervision of Internet consumer finance in China.Thirdly,from the perspective of the development status of China’s Internet consumer finance industry and government supervision,it further introduces the necessity of government supervision.Then combined with two typical cases,the difficulties and causes of government regulation of Internet consumer finance are deeply analyzed and discussed.Mainly from the government supervision legislation,subject,means,scale of these four aspects of analysis.In addition,it summarizes,compares and draws lessons from the experience of government regulation of Internet consumer finance in foreign countries,including the United States,Japan and India.Finally,based on the analysis of the full text,I put forward my own thoughts on how to optimize the government supervision level of Internet consumer finance in China and put forward reasonable suggestions and countermeasures combined with the actual situation.The research in this article will further improve the theoretical system of Internet consumer credit supervision,and provide reference and help for the government supervision of China’s Internet consumer finance industry.更多还原