【作者】 李洁；

【导师】 罗静；

【作者基本信息】 华中师范大学 ， 学科教学（地理）（专业学位）， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 区域地理是高中地理教学的重要组成部分。新的地理课程标准和高考考试说明都明确提出要着重培养学生的区域认知能力和实际解决问题的能力。这就要求地理教育工作者在区域地理教学中必须要找到一种有效的教学方法来改变目前区域地理教学中存在的问题。笔者通过大量的文献资料研究,并结合自身七年来的教学经验发现在区域地理教学中开展心理地图的建构实践是高中区域地理教学的高效教学方式和学习方法。本文从笔者所在地区的区域地理教学现状引出思考,结合国际社会对心理地图的重视及国内新地理课程改革对学生地理核心素养的培养要求为背景,经过大量的文献研究在了解目前国内外研究现状的基础上,探明了本研究不仅在丰富区域地理教学理念方面,而且对学生多方面能力培养均有积极意义。通过对区域地理、地图、心理地图及心理地图与地图的异同点比较,明确了本论文的核心概念的界定,并在大量认知学习理论、多元智能理论和地理教学理论的指导下,论述了心理地图的建构在凸显区域地理学科特性和提高区域地理教学效果中的实践优势。为提出更有针对性的心理地图建构培养策略,笔者通过问卷调查的方式详细掌握了目前高中生心理地图的建构现状,找出了当前高中区域地理教学中心理地图建构存在的问题,并深入分析了问题产生的原因。进而提出了高中区域地理教学中心理地图的培养应在尊重学生主体、尊重学生认知发展规律的基础上,分三个阶段展开:“心理地图的输入阶段”,重在培养学生良好的识图习惯,确保其输入地理信息的准确性;“心理地图的建立阶段”,通过简化--细化--深化--强化四个步骤,强调知识点层次性与逻辑推理过程,实现心理地图建立和完善;“心理地图的输出阶段”,强调利用学生已建构的心理地图去解决学习和生活中遇到的地理问题,实现知识到能力的转化。最后,通过“世界的气候类型分布”、“俄罗斯的地理特征”两个建构实践案例展示了不同空间尺度下心理地图的建构实践。将心理地图建构与实际教学环节紧密结合起来,在课堂实践中提高学生心理地图建构能力。更多还原

【Abstract】 Regional geography is an important part of high school geography teaching.The new geography curriculum standard and the explanation of the college entrance examination clearly put forward that the regional geography teaching in the new era should focus on cultivating students’ comprehensive thinking and regional cognition,and cultivating students’ ability to solve problems.This requires that an effective educational method should be found to change the existing problems in regional geography teaching.Through a large number of literature research and combining with the author’s teaching experience in the past seven years,it is found that the construction of mental map is an efficient teaching method and learning method of regional geography teaching in high school.Based on the current situation of regional geography teaching in the author’s area,combined with the attention paid by the international community to mental map and the training requirements of students’ Geography core literacy in the new geography curriculum reform in China,through a large number of literature research and on the basis of understanding the current research situation at home and abroad,this paper proves that this research not only enriches the concept of regional geography teaching,It is also of positive significance to the cultivation of students’ various abilities.Through the comparison of regional geography,map,mental map and the similarities and differences between mental map and map,this paper defines the core concepts of this paper,and discusses the practical advantages of the construction of mental map in highlighting the characteristics of regional geography and improving the effect of regional geography teaching under the guidance of a large number of cognitive learning theories,multiple intelligences theories and geography teaching theories.In order to put forward more targeted training strategies for the construction of mental map,the author has mastered the current situation of the construction of mental map of senior high school students in detail by means of questionnaire survey,found out the problems existing in the construction of mental map in the current regional geography teaching of senior high school,and deeply analyzed the causes of the problems.Then it puts forward that the cultivation of mental map in regional geography teaching in senior high school should be carried out in three stages on the basis of respecting students’ main body and the law of students’ cognitive development:"the input stage of mental map",focusing on cultivating students’ good map reading habits and ensuring the accuracy of their input geological information;"The establishment stage of mental map" realizes the establishment and improvement of mental map by simplifying,refining,deepening and strengthening,emphasizing the hierarchy of knowledge points and the process of logical reasoning;"The output stage of mental map" emphasizes the use of students’ constructed mental map to solve the geographical problems encountered in learning and life,and realize the transformation from knowledge to ability.Finally,the paper illustrates the practice of constructing mental map in different spatial scales through two practical cases of "the distribution of climate types in the world" and "The geographical characteristics of Russia".The construction of mental map is closely combined with practical teaching to improve students’ ability of constructing mental map in classroom practice.更多还原