【作者】 李珍；

【导师】 董恩强；

【作者基本信息】 华中师范大学 ， 历史学（专业学位）， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 初中学业水平考试简称“中考”,是检验初中生是否达到初中学业水平的考试,其考试结果也是高中阶段学校招生录取的依据,直接决定着高中阶段生源的质量,同时随着新课改的实行,中考也是教育行政部门引导学校执行课程标准和检测教学质量的重要方式,历来备受各界的关注,而试题命制是施行测试的关键,直接关系到课程改革的进一步深化,关系到国家教育方针的全面贯彻落实。对中考历史命题的研究,有利于准确把握命题方向,进而指导教师进行更有效的教学活动。本文依据新课程标准,以2019-2021年青海省中考历史试题为研究对象,通过使用文献法、统计分析法、图表归纳法,对试卷的分值和考查的内容进行了分析归纳,其中对2021年青海省海南州中考历史试卷从特点、分值、成绩和失分原因等方面进行了分析,总结出近三年青海中考历史试题具有注重对基础知识的考查、试题的设置具有明显的开放性和综合性、情景的创设与时政热点相结合,与其他学科整合明显的特点。并对近三年青海省中考历史试题存在的不足之处进行了分析,如设置的题型结构过于单一、考查内容比例失调、引用材料没有标明出处、考查内容与统编教材联系不紧密等问题,针对这些问题,给出了几点命题建议。根据对近三年青海省中考历史试题的分析,总结出几点教学启示:在日常教学中,教师应该认真研读课程标准,发挥课程标准的引领作用,运用好教科书;转变教学观念,提升专业素养;加强信息技术与课程的融合,灵活采用多样化的教学方式和方法,培养学生兴趣;运用合适的史料充实课堂,逐步培养学生的史料实证和历史解释能力;关注时政热点,引导学生关注现实与历史的联系,加强学生以史为鉴、学以致用的能力;关注历史思维,通过生活实际帮助学生提升学科素养;关注学科整合,提高课堂实效;熟悉题型,提高学生的应试技巧。总的来说,通过对近三年青海省中考历史试题的研究,对中考历史的命题依据、思路、规律和特点进行了分析归纳,并结合命题的趋势,从教学实际出发,对教师今后的历史教学给出了几点建议。这对提高笔者所在学校和地区义务教育阶段历史教学质量、培养学生核心素养有一定意义,而且对深化课程改革也具有一定的借鉴意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 The junior high school academic level test,referred to as the "senior high school entrance examination",is an examination to test whether junior high school students have reached the junior high school academic level.Its test results are also the basis for school enrollment in senior high school.It directly determines the learning quality of candidates after they enter senior high school and has a very significant impact on the results of the college entrance examination.At the same time,with the implementation of the new curriculum reform,The high school entrance examination is also an important way for the education administrative department to guide the school to implement the curriculum standards and test the teaching quality.It has always attracted the attention of all walks of life,and the test question order system is the key to the implementation of the test,which is directly related to the further deepening of the curriculum reform and the full implementation of the national education policy.The research on the historical proposition of middle school entrance examination is conducive to accurately grasp the direction of proposition,and then guide teachers to carry out more effective teaching activities.According to the new curriculum standards,this paper takes the history test questions of Qinghai middle school entrance examination from 2019 to 2021 as the research object,analyzes and summarizes the scores and contents of the test paper by using the methods of literature,statistical analysis and chart induction,and analyzes the characteristics,scores,achievements and reasons for losing scores of the history test paper of Hainan middle school entrance examination in Qinghai Province in 2021,It is concluded that the history test questions of Qinghai middle school entrance examination in recent three years have the characteristics of paying attention to the examination of basic knowledge,the setting of test questions has obvious openness and comprehensiveness,the creation of scene is combined with current political hot spots,and obvious integration with other disciplines.In the analysis,it is also found that there are some deficiencies in the history test questions of Qinghai high school entrance examination,such as the single question structure,the imbalance of the proportion of the test content,and the citation materials do not indicate the source,which need to be further improved.Based on the analysis of the history test questions of Qinghai middle school entrance examination in recent three years,this paper summarizes some teaching enlightenment:in daily teaching,teachers should carefully study the curriculum standards,give play to the leading role of curriculum standards and make good use of textbooks;Change teaching concepts and improve professional quality;Strengthen the integration of information technology and curriculum,flexibly adopt diversified teaching methods and methods,and cultivate students’ interest;Enrich the classroom with appropriate historical materials,and gradually cultivate students’ ability of historical material demonstration and historical interpretation;Pay attention to current political hot spots,guide students to pay attention to the relationship between reality and history,and strengthen students’ ability to learn from history and apply what they have learned;Pay attention to historical thinking and help students improve their subject quality through life practice;Pay attention to discipline integration,improve classroom effectiveness,be familiar with question types,and improve students’ examination skills.In general,through the research on the history test questions of the middle school entrance examination in Qinghai Province in recent three years,this paper analyzes and summarizes the proposition basis,ideas,laws and characteristics of the history of the middle school entrance examination,and combined with the proposition trend,this paper gives some suggestions for teachers’ history teaching in the future from the teaching reality.This is of certain significance not only to improve the quality of history teaching in the stage of compulsory education in our school and region,but also to cultivate students’ core literacy,but also to deepen the curriculum reform.更多还原