【作者】 王瑾；

【导师】 胡世前；

【作者基本信息】 东北财经大学 ， 行政管理， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 工业固体废物污染是伴随着工业化进程产生的,经济的快速发展促使工业固废的产生量不断攀升,其中固体危险废物的生产速度更是远远高于其他固体废物,给环境的卫生和安全治理带来许多不稳固的因素。从科学角度来讲,在工业生产中大部分排放物的有害成分存在的最终形态都是固体形态,不易破坏或缩减,并且存在的潜伏期较长,因此危害更甚。近年来,在我国以及世界范围内都出现过由于固废处置不当而造成的环境污染事件。为进行有效的环境保护监督,我国实行了一项前所未有的环境治理制度——中央环境保护督察制,即由国务院下属机构生态环境部带领,设立中央环境保护督察组,代表中央的思想和意志对各省(自治区、直辖市)的环境治理情况进行督查整改。然而即使是被中央环保督察组发现的问题,也会出现“罚而不治”、“整而不改”的想象,因此地方政府在整个治理过程中扮演着不可或缺的角色,其履职尽责充分与否直接影响了当地环境污染治理的成效。除了地方政府这一不可替代的参与主体外,当地企业以及公民也是于之息息相关的,并且在多元治理的深远影响之下,其辐射作用已愈加深远,成为不容忽视的一部分。于是重视多元治理,并在此基础上全方位地研究地方政府在推动工业固废污染治理的过程中职能方面的问题以及问题产生的深层次原因,并对地方政府不足之处进行谏言,显得尤为重要。本文选取工业城市Z市为例,并以Z市B集团中央环保督察的具体案件为研究对象,采用案例分析法、比较分析法和文献综述法对地方政府层面治理工业固废污染的问题进行深入研究。首先,在阅读了大量的国内外相关文献资料的基础上,简要说明了关于地方政府治理工业固废污染的总体状况,并分析了在环境污染治理过程中存在的央地关系以及中央环境督察组对于地方政府污染治理的影响。其次,以Z市B集团环保案件为例具体分析并总结出地方政府在治理工业固废污染过程中存在以下问题:政府环境污染治理工作落实不到位、政府对环评行业第三部门监管不力、环境执法部门存在强制力不足以及政府对“纳税大户”赋予环保“特权”。为了有针对性地为现存问题找到解决对策,本文在对问题分别进行成因分析后,选取安徽铜陵、浙江台州作为学习榜样进行经验借鉴,总结出地方政府应首先注重产业升级、淘汰落后行业、坚持基础创新,致力于环保技术研发;以及政府资金政策支持,严格查处环境违规等主要措施。而后结合案例以及当时实际情况,对地方政府治理工业固废污染的深入研究,本文总结出以下措施:首先要构建科学可落地的地方政府绿色GDP考核机制;第二是加强环保部门监督体系拓宽多元化投诉反馈渠道;第三是加快完善国家与地方层面的环保法律法规;第四是进一步加强环保审批的简政放权与事后监管。更多还原

【Abstract】 Industrial solid waste pollution is produced along with the process of industrialization.With the progress of economic development,the amount of industrial solid waste is rising,especially the production rate of hazardous waste is much higher than that of other solid wastes.These solid wastes contribute to the environment.In a sense,solid waste has become the final state of the existence of harmful components due to the unstable factors brought about by the sanitation and safety management of China.Because the harmful substances in it are not easy to destroy or attenuate,its harm has long-term and potential.The level of green development has not been comprehensively improved in terms of environmental protection,energy use,water use,materials,land use,and comprehensive utilization of resources,my country has established a central environmental protection inspection team in accordance with the "Environmental Protection Inspection Program",led by the Ministry of Environmental Protection,and on behalf of the Party Central Committee and the State Council to carry out environmental protection inspection work in various provinces(autonomous regions and municipalities).However,even the environmental pollution problems discovered by the Central Environmental Protection Supervision Team will have problems of"punishment but not treatment" and "rectification but not correction".In the entire governance process,the local government is an indispensable and important subject.Adequacy of due diligence directly affects the effectiveness of local environmental pollution control.On this basis,what’s more important to study the functional problems of the local government in the process of promoting industrial solid waste pollution control and the deep-seated causes of the problems,and make a proposal on the deficiencies of the local government.This article selects the industrial city Z as an example,and takes the specific case of the central environmental protection inspector of Group B as the research object,using case Literature summary law,Case-analyzing Approach and method of comparative analysis to conduct in-depth research on the problem of industrial solid waste pollution treatment at the local government level.First,the central environmental inspector is considered to be the most stringent and unprecedented environmental policy in China’s history.In this policy,inspection is the means,and the main purpose is to urge local governments to make hard and hard moves.Secondly,taking the environmental protection case of Group B in City Z as an example,Under China’s bureaucratic management system,the game of interest between the central and local governments appears extremely complicated,especially under the topic of pollution control,which involves intricate inter-governmental relations.For example,due to the distribution of benefits,the central and local governments fall into a zero-sum game of "bargaining",which leads to issues of selective,sporty,symbolic and other implementation deviations,causing environmental policies to fall into the dilemma of "medium obstruction".In order to find solutions to existing problems in a targeted manner,after analyzing the causes of the existing problems,this article selects Tongling in Anhui,and Taizhou in Zhejiang as examples to learn from,and concludes that local governments should first The government should pay attention to the upgrading of industrial structure;secondly,Local governments should guide enterprises to establish sustainable development concepts;In addition,The government must be stricter in the process of environmental law enforcement;finally,severely penalize environmental violations and increase assessment efforts.Through an in-depth discussion of this issue,this article draws the following conclusions:First,we must establish a scientific and feasible local government green GDP assessment mechanism;second,A diversified feedback channel for environmental pollution complaints should be opened for citizens.The third is to accelerate the improvement of local environmental protection laws and regulations on industrial solid waste.Fourth,local governments must have clear responsibilities for environmental law enforcement issues.更多还原