【作者】 王娟；

【导师】 邹艳晖；

【作者基本信息】 山东师范大学 ， 法律硕士（专业学位）， 2022， 硕士

【摘要】 从2003年非典疫情,到2009年甲型H1N1流感,再到2020年新型冠状肺炎疫情,各类突发公共卫生事件愈发频繁地影响着我们的生活。突发公共卫生事件的应对,不仅考验政府危机治理能力,也是推动我国应急法制发展的重要契机。在突发公共卫生事件中,个人信息被运用于疫情预警、疫情研判、应急决策等方面,各地政府利用现代数据技术,采用健康码、电子通行证、公布流调报告等方式应对突发公共卫生事件,提高了防控的精准度,但同时也暴露出一些问题。研究突发公共卫生事件中的个人信息行政法保护极具现实意义和应用价值。在突发公共卫生事件中,为保护公共利益,应急法律赋予政府行政应急权,政府相比常态下权力存在扩张。同时公民的个人信息权益被限缩,政府公权扩张与公民权利限缩并非没有边界,行政法在限制公权力,保护公民个人信息以及平衡公共利益与个人信息权益具有其独特的优势。本文从政府在突发公共卫生事件中处理公民个人信息的实践出发,发现在个人信息收集环节存在收集主体多元化、信息收集范围不明确;在个人信息利用环节存在信息利用的具体规则缺失、各地政府利用个人信息的水平存在差距;在信息公开环节存在信息公开主体不明确、政府信息公开标准未统一;个人信息保护行政监管和救济力度不够等问题。本文从问题导向出发,分析突发公共卫生事件中个人信息行政法保护的基本原则。通过合法处理原则、比例原则、程序正当原则,可以有效地避免个人信息权益被无限度限缩,行政机关权力无限度扩张,从而使保护公共利益与保护个人信息权益达到平衡。针对收集环节暴露出的问题,提出明确信息收集的主体、信息收集的范围;针对利用环节暴露出的问题提出完善个人信息利用的具体规则、加强各地政府利用个人信息的能力;针对信息公开环节暴露出的问题,提出明确信息公开的主体、信息公开的标准,以形成保护个人信息的闭环。同时通过政府加大信息的监管力度,使信息收集主体不敢泄露、不能泄露,加大处罚力度;完善突发公共卫生事件中侵犯公民个人信息的救济途径,充分保护信息主体的信息权益。更多还原

【Abstract】 From the SARS epidemic in 2003,to the influenza A(H1N1)in 2009,and then to the new coronal pneumonia epidemic in 2020,all kinds of public health emergencies have increasingly affected our lives.The response to public health emergencies not only tests the government’s crisis management ability,but also an important opportunity to promote the development of China’s emergency legal system.In public health emergencies,personal information is used in epidemic early warning,epidemic research and judgment,emergency decision-making and other aspects.Local governments use modern data technology to deal with public health emergencies by means of health code,electronic pass and publishing flow survey report,which improves the accuracy of prevention and control,but also exposes some problems.It is of great practical significance and application value to study the administrative law protection of personal information in public health emergencies.In public health emergencies,in order to protect the public interest,the emergency law gives the government administrative emergency power,and the power of the government is expanded compared with the normal situation.At the same time,citizens’ personal information rights and interests are limited.There is no boundary between the expansion of government public power and the limitation of civil rights.Administrative law has its unique advantages in restricting public power,protecting citizens’ personal information and balancing public interests and personal information rights and interests.Starting from the government’s practice of dealing with citizens’ personal information in public health emergencies,this paper finds that there are diversified collection subjects and unclear information collection scope in the link of personal information collection;In the aspect of personal information utilization,there is a lack of specific rules for information utilization,and there is a gap in the level of personal information utilization by local governments;In the process of information disclosure,the subject of information disclosure is not clear and the standards of government information disclosure are not unified;Insufficient administrative supervision and relief of personal information protection.Starting from the problem orientation,this paper analyzes the basic principles of personal information administrative law protection in public health emergencies.Through the principle of legal treatment,the principle of proportion and the principle of due process,we can effectively avoid the unlimited contraction of personal information rights and interests and the unlimited expansion of the power of administrative organs,so as to achieve a balance between the protection of public interests and the protection of personal information rights and interests.In view of the problems exposed in the collection link,it is proposed to clarify the subject and scope of information collection;In view of the problems exposed in the use of personal information,this paper puts forward specific rules to improve the use of personal information and strengthen the ability of local governments to use personal information;In view of the problems exposed in the link of information disclosure,this paper puts forward to clarify the obligation subject and standard of information disclosure,so as to form a closed loop to protect personal information.At the same time,the government should strengthen the supervision of information,so that the main body of information collection dare not disclose or cannot disclose,and increase the punishment;Improve the relief ways for infringing citizens’ personal information in public health emergencies,and fully protect the information rights and interests of information subjects.更多还原