【作者】 张蕾；

【导师】 战建华；

【作者基本信息】 山东师范大学 ， 教育行政管理（专业学位）， 2022， 硕士

【摘要】 我国教育行业的发展目前处于飞速发展的阶段,良好的教育资源是国家发展的根本,教师则是其中的重要组成成分。乡镇中学教师流失问题一直是人们关注的重点,也是教育部门一直在努力解决的问题,该问题影响学校师资团队稳定性的同时,对乡镇学校教育发展及教育均衡化发展也造成了不小的影响。针对教师流失的现象,教育部、财政部、人社部三部委于2014年联合印发《关于推进县(区)域内义务教育学校校长教师交流轮岗的意见》,就中小学教师“县管校聘”管理改革提出新的要求。中共中央、国务院于2018年印发了《全面深化新时代教师队伍建设改革的意见》,对针对中小学教师的“县管校聘”政策及中小学教师的法律地位提出进一步要求。这些政策的制定与实施,其根本目的是促进教师的合理流动、教育公平和教育的均衡发展。但由于种种原因,每年仍有大量的乡镇中学教师选择离开,或去往更高行政级别的城市任教,或直接离开教师这一行业。2021年7月国家全面落实“双减”政策,在其影响下,学校在承担正常教学工作的同时须负责起对学生的课余辅导工作还要满足教学多样化的要求,从而对教师教学水平和综合素质有了更高的要求。基于此针对教师流失问题进行研究,对促进教育公平、保证教学质量等具有重要意义。本文对乡镇中学教师流失的现状观察和原因、对策分析,可在一定程度上丰富教师流失的相关研究,拓展教师流失的多样化研究样态。本文通过案例分析、问卷调查和访谈等方法,以X中学为例,结合学校实际,针对乡镇教师流失情况进行调查,对教师流失的特点和影响进行了观察研究,获得可靠的一手资料,详细分析X中学教师流失问题,梳理总结造成教师流失的主要原因。本文通过总结大量学者相关研究方法与成果,对流失教师和学校各级教师进行问卷调查,分析出导致X中学教师的流失的因素主要有以下几方面,包括相关政策法规不完善、教育经费投入不足、学校管理机制存在缺陷、教师个人因素等。针对造成教师流失的各方面因素,本文提出了相应的对策建议,比如完善相关政策法规、增加教育经费支持、改善薪酬和绩效考核制度、加强教师培训管理、注重引导教师对自我定位及价值观正确塑造等等,从教师实际的困难出发,解决困难,让教师们更加踏实的投身于教育事业当中,阻断教师流失的浪潮。通过本文研究,希望能为X中学以及面临同样问题的乡镇中学和政府教育部门在解决教师流失问题时提供一个解决思路。更多还原

【Abstract】 The development of China’s education industry is in the stage of rapid development.Good education resources are the foundation of national development,and teachers are an important component of it.The problem of teacher loss in township middle schools has always been the focus of people’s attention,and it is also a problem that the education department has been trying to solve.This problem affects the stability of the school teacher team,and also has a great impact on the development of township school education and education balance.In response to the teacher loss,the Ministry of Education,the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security jointly issued the Opinions on Promoting the Exchange and Rotation of Principals and Teachers of Compulsory Education Schools within Counties(districts)in 2014,putting forward new requirements for the management reform of "county management and school recruitment" for primary and secondary school teachers.In2018,the CPC Central Committee and The State Council issued the Opinions on Comprehensively Deepening the Reform of Teacher Team Construction in the New Era,which put forward further requirements on the policy of "hiring teachers in charge of county schools" and the legal status of primary and secondary school teachers.In July 2021,the state fully implemented the "double reduction" policy.Under the influence of the policy,schools should not only undertake normal teaching work but also take charge of after-school tutoring for students and meet the diversified requirements of teaching,thus having higher requirements for teachers’ teaching level and comprehensive quality.The fundamental purpose of the formulation and implementation of these policies is to promote the rational flow of teachers,educational fairness and balanced development of education.However,due to various reasons,there are still a large number of township middle school teachers choose to leave every year,or to teach in cities with higher administrative levels,or directly leave the teaching profession.Therefore,the study of teacher turnover is of great significance to promote the development of urban and rural education and promote educational equity.In this thesis,the observation of the current situation of teacher turnover and the analysis of its causes and countermeasures can enrich the relevant researches on teacher turnover to a certain extent and expand the diversified research patterns of teacher turnover.In this thesis,through case analysis,the methods of questionnaire and interview,with X middle school as an example,combining the reality of school,to solve the problem of rural teacher losing investigation,characteristics and the impact on loss of teachers carried out an observational study,obtain reliable firsthand material,and detailed analysis of X middle school teacher erosion problems,summarize the main reasons of teacher losing.In this thesis,through summarizing the results of a large number of scholars in related research methods and the loss of teachers and school teachers at all levels,the questionnaire survey to analysis the result in the loss of middle school teacher X factor mainly has the following several aspects,including the related policies and regulations,imperfect,inadequate education funds,school management system defects,such as teachers’ personal factors.In view of the factors resulting in the loss of teachers,this thesis puts forward the corresponding countermeasures and Suggestions,such as perfecting the relevant policies and regulations,increase education funding,the improvement of compensation and performance appraisal system,strengthening teacher training management,pay attention to guide teachers to self-image and values correct shape and so on,from the teachers’ practical difficulties,solve the difficult,Let the teachers more down-to-earth to devote themselves to the cause of education,stop the tide of teacher loss.Through this study,IT is hoped to provide a solution for X Middle school,township middle school and government education departments facing the same problem in solving the problem of teacher turnover.更多还原